CH 23 Kidneys!

what is formed by a glomerulus and its capsule?

renal corpuscle

what is a nephron?

functional unit of the kidney

running from the glomerular capsule to the tip of the mudullary pyramid.. seriies of ducts that together make

renal tubule

renal pyraminds make up the layer called the renal

renal medulla

renal artery→ segmentaal arteries→ __ arteries → arcuate arteries

interlobar

---

convoluted tobule

proximal and distal

a nephron consists of what two parts?

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

what section of the nephron loop are permeable to water?

thin

what are the two componenets of the renal corpuscle

glomerulus/ glomerular capsule

renal tubule contains…

PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct

the renal medulla is comprised of…

renal pyramids

what renal tubule segments runs from the nephron loop to the collecting duct?

distal convoluted tubule

what is the longest and most coiled region of the renal tubule

PCT

what has an ascending limb and descending limb?

nephron loop

which nephrons have long nephron loops that extend deep into the medulla?

juxtamedullary nephrons

where does the collecting ducts get fluid from?

DCT

neres + ganglia serving the kidney

renal plexus

fluid in the glomerular capsusle formed by filtreration is called

filtrate

what segments of the nephron loop transport salts?

thick

the glomerulus id composed of which capillaries

fenestrated

motor fibers of the renal plexus are branches of….

sympathetic NS

glomerular filtration

the process in which water and solutes from blood plasma pass from capillaries to the glomerulus into the capscular space of the nephron

filtration pressure ( in glomerulus) is determined by…

blood hydrostatic

colloid osmotic

glomeruluar filtration is blood filtered to form…

what affects the filtration coefficient

which has the highest hydrostatic pressure?

capillaries in glomeruli

Colloid osmotic pressure is about…

32 mm Hg

glomerular filtrate is most similar to

blood plasma

within the renal capsule, the COP is a pressure drawing fluid into what?

glomerular capillaries

dehydration can happen when…

GFR is too high

in the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, what is adjusted?

glomerular filtration

myogenic mechanism

the smooth muscle contracts when it stretches

Renin

converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

the sympathetic NS and adrenal apinephrine cause ___ of the afferent arterioles, and reduce the glomerular filtration rate

vasoconstriction

the myogenic mechanism maintains glomerular blood flow and therefore GFR by relaxing and constricting the ….

afferent arteriole

what activates the renin- angiotensin mechanism

decreased blood pressure

Macula densa

is a patch sensory cell on one side of the nephron loop that triggers tubuloglomerular feedback

the region of the nephron is adapted for reabsorption, as seen in its length and prominent microvili?

PCT

Tubular reabsorption referes to the movemnt of fluid and soluted where?

from the tubular fluid into the blood

angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secret ___

aldosterone

during reabsorption from the PCT, water can carry dissolved substances by what proces?/

solvent drag

the antiport transports sodium into the cells of the PCT while pumping hydrogen out. What hormone activates this process?

aldosterone

what route passes through the cytoplasm and out of the base epithelial cells?

transcellular route

PCT…

reabsorbs 655%

most of the uric acid and none of the creatinine

what are the junctions between epithelial cells in the PCT?

tight junctions

pct is at a constant rate called…

obligatory water reabsorption

list the wastes removed from blood by tubular secretion:

bile

ureal

ammonia

list of solutes that are reabsorbed from nephron loop:

sodium

potassium

chloride

regulating hormones reabsorbed by the DCT?

natriuretic peptides

antodiuretic hormone

adldosterone

how is morphine removed from the blood?

tubular secretion

which renal tubule segments are influenced by aldosterone

collecting ducts

ascending limb of nephron loop

DCT

the kidneys help regulate acid base balance through the tubular secretion of

hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

what organ secretes natriautic peptides?

the heart

the primary function of the distal convoluted tubue and collecting duct is

the reabsorption of water and salts

antidiuretic hormone is secreted in response to…

dehydration

what is the role of collecting ducts

adjust the concentration of urine

countercurrent multiplier mechanism

returns salts to deeo renal medullary tissue

recaptures salts

osomolarity is ___ in the renal medulla than the ECF of the cortex

higher

what acts like a countercurrent exchanger

vasa recta

countercurrent exchange

blood flows in the opposite direction in adjacent parallel capillaries

polyuria or diuresis

excessive output of urine

normal pH for urine

4.5-8.2

what symptoms are seen with diabetes mellitus

glycosuria

dehydration

polyuria

the salts in the medullary ECF where transported from which limb of the nephron loop

ascending

what is a urine output of less than 500 mL called?

oliguria

which is the muscular sac on the floor of the pelvic cavity, inf to the perioneum and posterior to the pubic symphysis

bladder

conveys urine from the bladder out of the body

uretha

filling of the bladder stimulates stretch receptors that trigger what?

microurition