Historical context
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32 Terms
Who was Nicholas II’ grandfather?
Alexander II
What did Alexander II do for the serfs
He ‘freed the serfs in 1891 with the emancipation manifesto
Why were the serfs dissapointed with their ‘freedom’
they had to pay off their land from the nobles, often paying 135% above market price. They also lost the protections that serfdom provided them, as their owners used to have to look after them.
Why were the nobles disappointed with the serfs freedom
they lost their position of political power (landlords not nobles)
Alexander II assassination
he was assassinated on the 13th of March 1881. His carriage was bombed by a violent wing of populists emerged in 1879 (the people’s freedom)
How many nationalities were in the Russian empire?
around 70 distinct nationalities
What was the total population?
126 million people
What caused tension between the great powers?
colonisation
When was the crimean war?
1853-1856
Who did Russia fight in the crimean war?
an alliance of British, French, and Ottoman forces
How did the Crimean war end?
in a disaster for the Russians as they were forced to sign the Treaty of Paris (1856)
Prior to 1861 how was russia structured?
It was a feudal society
What was the percentage of serfs?
50.7%
What was the percentage of state peasants?
32.7%
How many serfs uprising took place in the first part of the 19th century?
288
What happened in 1860?
expansion of the modern banking sector and the founding of a state bank
What happened in 1873?
Russia had returned its first ever budget surplus
What happened in 1861?
The Emancipation Manifesto
Who was Russia dominated by?
Slavic tribes
from 10th-17th century who were the Russians ruled by?
a noble class known as the boyer
What happened in 1259?
Mongold conquest
In 1469 who did the Prince of Moscow married?
the niece of the last Emperor of Byzantium
What is the symbol of Russia?
double headed eagle
In the early days of the Russian Empire what policy was followed?
expansionist foreign policy
WHo embarked on an aggressive ecpasionist policy?
Ivan IV (the terrible)
By the beginning of the 20th century, how much of the world’s land mass was Russia?
1/6
Why did Russia not posess ‘distant colonies’?
Because they expanded across its borders into the depth of Eurasia
How many distinct nationalities resulted because of expansion?
70
What was the population in Russia?
126 million people
What kind of economy was Russian?
a largely argrarian economy
What did expansion mean for land?
it lead to an uneven distribution of lands
What did the Russian Empire rely on?
the growing of crops for survival and trade