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Biological Rhythms
Periodic fluctuations in a biological system with psychological implications, influenced by external and internal cues.
Circadian Rhythms
Biological rhythms with a ~24-hour periodicity controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus.
Melatonin
Hormone released by the pineal gland, accumulating in darkness to regulate sleep-wake cycles.
Internal Desynchronization
Disruption of normal circadian rhythms, like when traveling across time zones or changing work shifts.
REM Sleep
Stage of sleep with active brain but inactive muscles, characterized by vivid dreams and alternating with non-REM sleep.
Sleep Stages
Different phases of sleep including light sleep (Stage 1), sleep spindles (Stage 2), and deep sleep (Stage 3/4).
Insomnia
Sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep (onset), returning to sleep (maintenance), or waking too early (terminal).
Sleep Disorders
Conditions like sleep apnea and narcolepsy affecting sleep patterns and causing daytime sleepiness.
Activation-Synthesis Theory
Belief that dreams result from the cortex interpreting neural firing during sleep, incorporating existing knowledge and memories.
Hypnosis
Procedure involving suggestions to change sensations, thoughts, feelings, or behavior, with theories like Dissociation and Socio-cognitive explanations.
