Exam 2 Grammar

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32 Terms

1
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When to use pretérito imperfecto

  • Ongoing past action without reference to beginning or end

  • Habitual actions in the past

  • Descriptions

  • Setting background information

  • Ex: Juan iba en bici a la escuela (Juan rode his bike to school)

2
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When to use pretérito perfecto

  • One-time events

  • Actions within a definite time frame

  • Actions with a definite start and end

  • Completed actions

  • Ex: Ella se cayó de la bici. (she fell off the bike)

3
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Pretérito endings

-AR VERBS

-aste

-amos

-asteis

-aron

-ER and -IR VERBS

-iste

-ió

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

4
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Imperfecto endings

-AR VERBS

-aba

-abas

-aba

-ábamos

-abais

-aban

-ER and -IR VERBS

-ía

-ías

-ía

-íamos

-íais

-ían

5
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Ser: pretérito imperfecto conjugations

-era

-eras

-era

-éramos

-erais

-eran

6
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Ir: pretérito imperfecto conjugations

-iba

-ibas

-iba

-íbamos

-ibais

-iban

7
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Ver: pretérito imperfecto conjugations

-veía

-veías

-veía

-veíamos

-veíais

-veían

8
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Futuro simple de indicativo endings

Write the full infinitive, then add

-ás

-emos

-éis

-án

9
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Saber: futuro

Remove e

ex: sabrá

10
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Poder: futuro

Remove e

ex: podrá

11
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Querer: futuro

Remove e

ex: querrá

12
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Haber: futuro

Remove e

ex: habrá

13
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Caber: futuro

Remove e

ex: cabrá

14
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Tener: futuro

Remove last vowel and add d

ex: tendrá

15
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Poner: futuro

Remove last vowel and add d

ex: pondrá

16
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Salir: futuro

Remove last vowel and add d

ex: saldrá

17
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Venir: futuro

Remove last vowel and add d

ex: vendrá

18
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Valer: futuro

Remove last vowel and add d

ex: valdrá

19
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Hacer: futuro

Remove e and c

ex: hará

20
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Decir: futuro

Remove e and c

ex: dirá

21
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Other ways to express future

  • presente (a firm decision)

  • ir a + infinitive (less firm decision)

  • pensar + infinitive (intension)

22
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imperativo

-AR VERBS

tu -a

usted -e

vosotros -ad

ustedes -en

-ER VERBS

tu -e

usted -a

vosotros -ed

ustedes -an

-IR VERBS

tu -e

usted -a

vosotros -id

ustedes -an

23
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Decir: imperativo

tu di

24
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Poder: imperativo

tu pon

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Salir: imperativo

tu sal

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Tener: imperativo

tu ten

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Venir: imperativo

tu ven

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Hacer: imperativo

tu haz

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Ser: imperativo

tu sé

usted sea

vosotros sed

ustedes sean

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Ir: imperativo

tu ve

usted vaya

vosotros id

ustedes vayan

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Saber: imperativo

tu sabe

usted sepa

vosotros sebad

ustedes sepan

32
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When to use imperativo

  • order/command

  • give instruction

  • advice/recommend

  • convince

  • catch attention/interest or encourage to do something