TEAS Recording

This set of flashcards covers the major systems in human anatomy, including their structure, function, and interrelationships.

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To take in oxygen from the environment and release carbon dioxide.

Name the main structures of the respiratory system.

Nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs.

Why does the left lung have only 2 sections?

To make room for the heart.

What occurs during inhalation?

The diaphragm contracts, increasing thoracic volume and decreasing pressure, allowing oxygen to enter.

What is the process of breathing out called?

Exhalation or ventilation.

What role does the respiratory system play in blood pH regulation?

It helps maintain pH by removing excess carbon dioxide, which is acidic.

What are some factors that can affect the respiratory system?

Diseases (like asthma), mucus buildup, smoking, pollution, and allergies.

What are the major components of the cardiovascular system?

The heart, blood vessels, and blood.

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle.

What is systole?

The contraction phase of the heart.

What is diastole?

The relaxation phase of the heart.

How does blood flow through the cardiovascular system?

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium, moves to the left ventricle, and is pumped through the aorta to the body.

What is the role of the sinoatrial node?

It acts as the primary pacemaker of the heart, regulating its rhythm.

What is the main function of the digestive system?

To break down food for absorption of nutrients.

What is the role of gastrin in digestion?

It stimulates the production of stomach acid.

What enzymes are involved in digestion?

Amylase, lipases, and others help breakdown starches and fats.

What organs comprise the male reproductive system?

Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and penis.

What organs comprise the female reproductive system?

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva.

What is the primary function of the skin?

To protect the body from pathogens, regulate body temperature, and provide sensation.

What are the 3 layers of skin?

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.

What is the role of the endocrine system?

To produce and secrete hormones that regulate various body functions.

What are the main functions of the urinary system?

To filter blood, produce urine, and maintain homeostasis.

What is the structural unit of the kidney?

Nephron.

What are the 2 branches of the immune system?

Innate defense and adaptive defense.

What type of immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies?

Active immunity.

What is the purpose of the skeletal system?

To provide structure, support, and protection to the body.

What are the 4 major types of bones?

Long, short, flat, and irregular.

What do tendons do in the muscular system?

Connect muscle to bone for movement.

What are alveoli and what is their role?

Alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs, allowing oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out.

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood toward the heart.

What is the function of the small intestine?

The small intestine is the primary site for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.

Which gland is the master gland of the endocrine system?

The pituitary gland, as it regulates the activity of other endocrine glands.

What is the difference between the ureter and the urethra?

The ureter transports urine from the kidney to the bladder, while the urethra carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

What are the primary roles of B cells and T cells?

B cells produce antibodies to fight pathogens, while T cells destroy infected cells and coordinate the immune response.

Differentiate between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Osteoblasts are cells that build new bone, whereas osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue.

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal (voluntary), cardiac (heart), and smooth (organ) muscle.