[PL 2.3] BACTERIAL METABOLISM

What is the passive method by which small molecules like O2 enter bacteria?

Diffusion

Which transport mechanism requires energy and carrier proteins?

Active Transport

What type of transport involves chemical modification of the nutrient?

Group Translocation

Which pathway converts glucose to pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH?

Glycolysis (EMP Pathway)

Which pathway produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate?

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Which alternate glucose degradation pathway produces pyruvate and G3P?

Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

What phosphorylation method produces ATP directly from high-energy intermediates?

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Which method produces ATP using an electron transport chain?

Oxidative Phosphorylation

What term describes building macromolecules from precursor metabolites?

Biosynthesis

What process joins monomers into polymers in bacterial metabolism?

Polymerization

What term refers to organizing macromolecules into cellular structures?

Assembly

What precursors are used to synthesize bacterial proteins?

Amino Acids

What precursors are used to synthesize lipids in bacteria?

Fatty Acids

What precursors are required for DNA and RNA synthesis?

Nucleotides

What precursors are used for structural sugars in bacteria?

Sugars

What macromolecule is built from amino acids?

Proteins

Which macromolecule forms cell walls and capsules in bacteria?

Polysaccharides

What macromolecule is composed of nucleotides?

Nucleic Acids

Which macromolecule forms the bacterial membrane?

Lipids

What anaerobic metabolic process uses organic compounds as the electron acceptor?

Fermentation

What process uses oxygen or other molecules as the terminal electron acceptor?

Respiration

Which process is less efficient and produces lactate, ethanol, and butyrate?

Fermentation

Which energy-producing process is more efficient and uses oxygen?

Respiration

Which pathway converts glucose to pyruvate and produces ATP and NADH?

Glycolysis (EMP Pathway)

Which pathway produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate?

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Which glucose-degradation pathway produces pyruvate and G3P?

Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

Which facultative anaerobe uses glycolysis in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions?

Escherichia coli

Which bacterium uses glycolysis for ATP production in anaerobic environments?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which bacterium uses the PPP for nucleotide synthesis?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Which bacterium uses the PPP for nucleotide and fatty acid biosynthesis?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which bacterium uses the ED pathway to ferment glucose to ethanol?

Zymomonas habilis

Which bacterium uses the ED pathway for energy when glucose is available?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Which fermentation type produces ethanol?

Alcoholic Fermentation

Which fermentation type produces only lactic acid?

Homolactic Fermentation

Which fermentation produces lactic acid, ethanol, CO₂, and other acids?

Heterolactic Fermentation

Which fermentation produces propionic acid?

Propionic Acid Fermentation

Which fermentation produces a mix of acids like lactic, acetic, succinic, and formic acid?

Mixed Acid Fermentation

Which fermentation produces acetoin and butanediol?

Butanediol Fermentation

Which fermentation produces butyric acid?

Butyric Acid Fermentation

Which diagnostic test detects acetoin in butanediol fermentation?

Voges-Proskauer Test

Which test detects acid production from mixed acid fermentation?

Methyl Red Test

What central aerobic pathway oxidizes acetyl-CoA and generates NADH, FADH2, and ATP?

Citric Acid Cycle (TCA Cycle)

What cycle converts acetyl-CoA into oxaloacetate while producing energy-rich molecules?

Citric Acid Cycle (TCA Cycle)

Which bacterium uses the TCA cycle during aerobic respiration inside the human body?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Which soil bacterium uses the TCA cycle in the presence of oxygen?

Bacillus subtilis

What process transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate ATP?

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation

What process creates a proton gradient to synthesize ATP using ATP synthase?

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation

What is the final electron acceptor in the aerobic electron transport chain?

Oxygen

Which bacterium uses oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic growth to produce ATP?

Escherichia coli

Which strict aerobe depends entirely on oxidative phosphorylation in oxygen-rich environments?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa