Changing places

How do people form attachments to place

Through lived experience

What is the definition of lived experience

Personal knowledge about the world gained through direct first-hand involvement in everyday events

What is the definition of topophobia

The dislike or fear of a place due to intense negative experiences

What is the definition of topophilia

A strong sense of place with a love of certain aspects of the place. It can be apart of a person or group’s cultural identity

What does this graph represent

The relationship between attachment to a place and intensity of experience

What is term for the combination of lived experience and perception of place

Place perspective

How can be people be attached to a place they’ve never been before

Through the perception gained from the media (books, tv, film etc) or hearing experiences from others

What is the definition of Localism

A preference for the place closest to you

What is the definition of Regionalism

Identification with a distinct region

What is the definition of Nationalism

identification with one's own nation and support for its interests

What is the definition of location

A place on the map

What is the definition of Locale

The combination of social processes that occur within a location to give it meaning

How does a sense of place develop

When there is an attachment between person and place due to lived experience

What must a place have to have a unique identity

Meaning, activities and a distinct physical setting

What type of place would experience placelessness

Airports

What was Ralph 1976 argue the definition of placelessness is

“Is essentially no sense of place, for it involves no awareness of the deep and symbolic significances of places and no appreciation of their identities”

What has made turn into clone towns

Globalisation

What is the definition of Clone towns

A town where the major shopping areas are dominated by chain stores

What is the definition of Placemaking

Planning, designing and management of public spaces by governments are corporate bodies

What can placemaking processes create

Spatial inclusion or exclusion

What do dominant groups in an area create

Social norm

What happens when someone deviates from the social norm

Can lead to social or spatial exclusion

What’s an example of something that spatially excludes homeless people

Spikes on the pavement or benches to stop them sleeping there

Where do insider perspectives come from

Being fluent in the local language, being born in the place and knowing the customs and norms

What will insiders of a place feel

They will usually feel safe and have family/friends and connections in the place

What would cause someone to have an outsider perspective

If they are not from the area or don’t fit the social norms

What is the definition of near places

Places we consider close to us

What is the definition of Far places

Places we consider distant

What is the definition of Real places

Places we have been to or those that exist as a place to visit

What are constructed places

Imagined places (like Hogwarts) or those that have been created to imitate there identity or character of somewhere that already exists

What is the definition of experienced place

A place where people have spent time and have direct experience of

What does genus loci mean

The ‘spirit of place’ are the things that make each place unique and only understood by experiencing the place

What does experiencing a place create

Creates emotional attachment and may change previous perceptions

What is the definition of Media places

Places that we have experienced through representations in the media through things like reading, tv, films and social media

What does the use of social media allow us to do

Experience a place without ever visiting it

What is the definition of Endogenous factors

Factors that are internal to a place and can affect its character

What are some physical examples of endogenous factors

Geology, location and climate

How would geology affect a places character

Can affect the building materials and visual character of that area

How can location affect a place’s character

Can affect where people decide to settle in that area, for example if the area is steep, settlements are likely to be designed in a linear pattern and can cause the town to be isolated from other populations

What are some examples of human endogenous factors

Land use, infrastructure or architectural style

What endogenous factors make up a places character

Land use (eg industrial), topography and physical location (eg floodplain), infrastructure (eg rail connections), economic characteristics (type of industry eg secondary) and demographic characteristics (eg ethnic make-up)

What is the definition of Exogenous factors

Factors that are external to a place and affect its character

What are some examples of exogenous factors

Flows of people, resources, money and ideas

What causes places to change

A combination of specific processes carried out by stakeholders

What is the definition of stakeholders

Groups or individuals with a concern or interest in something

What is an example of a stakeholder group in Stratford, London

Focus E15, protested against the demolition of the Carpenter’s estate in Stratford (rapidly gentrifying area)

What will the forces of change do to an area

Change the lived experience in that area

What forces of change can cause a change in place identity

Campaign groups (Focus E15), TNC’s (eg Westfield), Individuals (eg Activists), Local Government, National Institutions (eg National Trust), Global Institutions (eg World Trade Organisation), International Institutions (eg European Union) and National Government

What do flows of people do to a place

Changes a place’s demography and culture, lived experiences cab be different due to new set of experiences

How do immigrants communities change a place’s lived experience

Start food businesses and celebrate festivals from their culture eg ‘Curry Mile’, Winslow, Manchester

What is the definition of Gentrification

The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving, improving housing and attracting new businesses, often displacing current residents in the process

What is the definition of globalisation

The increasing integration of business, culture and experience on a global scale

What is the definition of TNC’s

Transnational corporations that have their headquarters in one place but operate in many others eg Westfield, Stratford, London