Structural and Functional Organisation of the body

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17 Terms

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Atom
The basic unit of a chemical element that combines to form molecules.
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Cell
The smallest building blocks of living beings.
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Tissue
Groups of cells that together perform specific functions, including epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural.
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Organ
A structure composed of different types of tissues that perform specific functions.
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Organ system
A group of two or more organs that work together to perform complex functions.
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Integumentary system
System comprising skin and appendages which cover the body, protect tissues, synthesize vitamin D, eliminate waste, and regulate temperature.
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Skeletal system
System consisting of bones, cartilage, and ligaments that protect and support organs, provide a framework for muscles, produce blood cells, and store minerals.
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Muscular system
System made up of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle tissue responsible for locomotion, facial expression, posture maintenance, body heat production, and digestion.
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Nervous system
Fast-acting control system comprised of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors that responds to internal and external changes.
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Endocrine system
System consisting of endocrine glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
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Respiratory system
System including lungs and airway structures responsible for supplying oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.
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Cardiovascular system
System including the heart and blood vessels responsible for pumping blood and transporting respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes.
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Lymphatic system
System composed of lymphatic vessels and nodes that collects leaked fluid, returns it to the blood, disposes of debris, and houses immune cells.
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Digestive system
System including the oesophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs; responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and removing indigestible waste.
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Urinary system
System consisting of kidneys and bladder that eliminates nitrogen waste and regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
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Male reproductive system
System composed of testes, scrotum, and penis; responsible for producing sperm and delivering it to the female reproductive tract.
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Female reproductive system
System consisting of ovaries, uterus, and vagina; responsible for producing eggs, site for fertilization and fetal development, and milk production for nourishing newborns.