AQA GSCE: Section C - Statistics

Pictograms

A chart that represents simple categorical data using images or symbols.

Key (in pictograms)

A guide that assigns a value to a symbol in a pictogram, such as 1 symbol = 10 items.

Bar Charts

A graph that shows the frequency of different categories using rectangular bars.

X-axis (in bar charts)

The horizontal axis representing categories.

Frequency

The number of occurrences of a particular item or category.

Pie Charts

Charts that show how a total is divided into proportionate segments corresponding to different categories.

Angle calculation for pie charts

Angle = (category frequency/total frequency) × 360°.

Line Graphs

Graphs that show changes in data over time, connecting points with straight lines.

Time intervals (in time series graphs)

Periods that should be evenly spaced along the x-axis to accurately represent data.

Scatter Diagrams

Graphs that show the relationship between two numerical variables plotted as points.

Frequency Polygons

Graphs that represent frequency data with a smooth line instead of bars.

Estimation of Mean from Grouped Data

Using midpoints of class intervals to estimate the mean when exact data values are unknown.

Cumulative Frequency Curves

Graphs that show how the total frequency accumulates up to a certain value.

Box Plots

Visual summaries of the distribution of data, showing median, quartiles, and extremes.

Histograms

Graphical representations of continuous data using bars where the area represents frequency.

Basic Probability

The expected chance of an event happening, calculated as the number of desired outcomes divided by total outcomes.

Venn Diagrams

Diagrams that illustrate the relationships between different sets, often used in probability.

Tree Diagrams

Diagrams that show all possible outcomes of linked events, representing probabilities of joint outcomes.

Independent Events

Events where the outcome of one does not affect the outcome of another.

Dependent Events

Events where the outcome of one event affects the outcome of another.