Unit 2 AP African American Studies Vocab

Ladinos

People of mixed black and european descent

Atlantic Creoles

Often people of purely European ancestry who controlled trade, agriculture, and generally all of society in the new world

Chattel Slavery

Enslavement but also with the belief enslavement should be passed from one generation to the next

Conquistadors

Spanish people who conquered land in the Americas

Juan Garrido

African-Spanish conquistador who became the first person of African descent in what is the modern day United States

Estevanico

First person of African descent to explore North America

Departure Zones

Area specified for arrival or departure. In this context mostly Europeans controlled port cities

The Middle Passage

The journey through which many Africans were transported to the Americas with the intention of selling them into enslavement. Awful conditions on the ships resulted in the death of most.

The transatlantic slave trade

One part of the global trade network for enslaved persons that consisted of trade of enslaved people from Africa to the Americas.

Slave Narratives

Biographical genre that recounts the experiences of people who endured enslavement

Slave Ship Diagram

Diagram that depicts the conditions of victims of the middle passage. Everyone was incredibly crammed next to each other.

Abolitionists

People who fought for the absolute liberation of enslaved people

Commodification

Treating something like a comodity. Often used in the context of treating enslaved people as commodities

Deracination

Removing people from their culture, societal, or geographical home

Sengbe Pieh

Leader of the La Amistad revolt

La Amistad (1839)

A ship that was taken control of by the captives the ship had taken for enslavement

Mende Captives

The captives that took over La Amistad

Slave Auction

The method enslaved people were bought and sold

Cash Crop

Crops grown due to lucrative commercial value. Often associated with tobacco and cotton

Cotton gin

Invention that removed seeds from cotton plants without the need for an individual to pick seeds out one by one. Increased efficacy of cotton production and cotton became a cash crop

Second Middle Passage

Period from 1790- the Civil War that saw a mass relocation of ensalved people from the upper south to the lower south due to the increase demand for cotton

Gang System

Organization of labor in which enslaved people were supervised by an overseer

Work songs

Way of expressing frustations of enslavement through improvised songs and singing

Task System

System of enslaved labor in which an enslaved person had to complete a certain amount of work in a day and once completed they were allowed to use the rest of the day as they sought fit

Gullah Creole

An English based creolized language spoken by enslaved people typically from South Carolina and Georgia

Racial nomenclature

Process of society assigning racial categories to people

Mulatto

A person of both Black and White ancestry

Griffe

Offspring of a mulatto

Rice Fanner Basket

A basket designed to carry food in the fields

Slave Codes

Laws the limited what enslaved people were legally permitted to do

Code Noir

A law passed by the King of France that controlled the conditions of enslavement within the French empire

Stono Rebellion

The largest enslaved rebeliion in the southern colonies that occured in 1739

South Carolina's 1740 slave code

Series of code that further restricted what enslaved people could do. Strong focus on preventing another large scale enslaved rebellion

Dredd Scott v. Sanford

Supreme court case in 1857 that did not allow U.S citizenship to any person of African descent in America

Partus Sequitur Ventrem

Law that permitted the hereditary inheritance of enslaved status

Racial Taxonomy

organization of races into a hierarchy

Phenotype

observable characteristics of a person

Hypodescent

Idea behind laws that determined who was "black" based on their ancestry; one drop rule

Spirituals

religious folk songs made by enslaved people

The American Colonization Society

Society dedicated to sending enslaved people back to Africa instead of emancipation

Asylum in Spanish Florida

Many enslaved people escaped to then Spanish Florida as they were granted emancipation there

Fort Mose

First free settlement of Africans in America

Haitian Revolution

Enslaved revolution that resulted in the liberation of Haiti from French control

Maroon Communities

runaway enslaved people communities

Charles Deslondes

One of the leaders of the German Coast Uprising

German Coast Uprising

Enslaved persons revolt that occured in 1811 in Orleans

Madison Washington

Led an ensalved persons revolt in 1841 on the Brig Creole boat

mutual aid societies

Organizations that assisted free and enslaved Africans with many of the hardships they encountered

Maria Stewart

Abolitionist and women's right's activist in the 19th century

Great Dismal Swamp

Area of heavily forested swamp land spanning between southern Virginia and northern North Carolina

Quilombo dos Palmares

Community of escaped enslaved people in Brazil

Manumission

Freeing an enslaved person

Indigenous enslavers

Slaveholders who were of indigenous ancestry

emigration

Relocating from your homeland

Black nationalism

Advocating for political self-determination in the black community

Anti-emigrationism

People who are against relocation from a homeland

Fugitive Slave Acts

Series of laws that provided direction as how to treat captured enslaved people who had escaped from their slaveowner

Moral suasion

Trying to persuade people by appealing to their morals

Integrationists

People who wanted to fully integrate Africans into American society

Radical resistance

Enslaved people who resisted the institution using violence

Underground Railroad

System that helped enslave people escape from their owners

Combahee River raid

Military operation during the Civil war that was lead by Harriet Tubman and resulted in the liberation of over 700 enslaved persons

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl

Very famous female-antebellum slave narrative

13th amendment

Amendment that abolished slavery

Freedom day

Juneteenth

Juneteeth

June 19th, 1865. The day that marked the end of enslavement by executive decree