EMT chapters 10-11

A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scare (GCS) score is:

13

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

nonrebreathing mask

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:

44%

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:

adequate amounts of surfactant

High-flow oxygen with a nasal cannula during the preoxygenation phase of endotracheal intubation is called:

apneic oxygenation

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:

Cheyenne-Stokes respirations

Oxygen toxicity is a condition in which:

cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following except:

the epiglottis

The hypoxic drive is influenced by:

low blood oxygen levels

The presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is called:

hypercarbia

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

the tongue

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?

cyanosis

Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen?

muscle

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?

a conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/ min and pink skin

Which of the following structures in not found in the upper airway?

bronchus

With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ___% inspired oxygen

90

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious , is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you not that his skin and sclera and jaundiced. You should suspect:

liver dysfunction

A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for the patient, the EMT should:

determine if the patient has a medial alert bracelet or wallet card

A 50-year-old male presents with altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen if needed, you should:

prepare for immediate transport

A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious but confused and complains of serve pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/ min and her heart rate is 120 beats. min. What should you do?

treat her for possible shock

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called:

subcutaneous emphysema

A decrease in blood pressure may indicate:

loss of vascular tone

A palpable pulse is created by:

pressure waves though the arteries caused by cardiac contraction

A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed at least every:

5 minutes

A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicated that he:

is experiencing difficulty breathing

A patient who moves and cries out only when you pinch his or her trapezius muscle is said to be:

responsive to painful stimuli

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:

without assistance

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:

remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx

A 23-year-old male experiences serve head trauma after his motorcycle collied with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has agonal gasps, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device

A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious ad alert and coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

encouraging him to cough and transporting

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her reparations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:

administer oxygen via a non breathing mask

A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's care will give a :

falsely high systolic and diastolic reading

A patient's short-term memory is most likely intact if they correctly answer questions regarding:

day and event

A properly sized blood pressure cuff should cover:

two thirds the length from the armpit to the crease at the elbow

After preforming a primary assessment, a rapid exam of the body should be preformed to:

identify less-obvious injuries that require immediate treatment

As you asses the head of your patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should:

maintain stabilization of the head

Capnography is used to:

determine how much carbon dioxide is being exhaled

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by:

decreased blood oxygen

In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than _____ beats/min , and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than ___ beats/min

60, 100

The goal of oxygenation for most patients is an oxygen saturation of:

94%-99%

The goal of the systematic head-to-toe exam that is preformed during the secondary assessment is to:

locate injuries not found in the primary assessment

The systematic head-to-toe assessment should be preformed on:

patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients

When preforming a reassessment of your patient, you should first:

repeat the primary assessment

When you use the palliation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:

systolic blood pressure

Which of the following findings indicated that your patient has a patent airway?

ability to speak

Which of the following is an example of a symptom?

headache

Which of the following medical history questions would be of least pertinence in an acute situation?

"does your mother have diabetes?"

Which of the following would the EMT likely not preform on a responsive patient with a headache and no apparent life-threatening conditions?

systematic head-to-toe examination