Endocrine System Diagram | Quizlet

Endocrine

glands responsible for secreting hormones into the blood stream.

Exocrine

a gland that secretes substances outwardly through excretory ducts

Hormone

Chemicals produced by your glands that regulate the activities of different body cells

TERM

Pituitary gland

DEFINITION

Regulates and controls the activities of all other endocrine glands

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

TSH; stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

Adenocorticotropic hormone

ACTH; regulates levels of corticosteroids

Follicle-stimulating hormone

FSH; stimulates production of ova and sperm

Luteinizing hormone

LH; a hormone associated with ovulation.

Growth hormone

GH; stimulates growth

Prolactin

PRL; stimulates milk production

Antidiuretic hormone

ADH; promotes retention of water by kidneys

Oxytocin

Stimulates uterine contractions

TERM

Hypothalamus

DEFINITION

brain region controlling the pituitary gland

TERM

Thyroid

DEFINITION

Found on the anterior neck inferior to the larynx.

T4 and T3

Metabolism regulating hormones that utilizes iodine.

Calcitonin

Lowers blood calcium levels

Positive feedback loop

An escalating cycle which does not stop without intervention; contractions during childbirth

Negative feedback loop

when a system responds to a change by returning to its original state; blood glucose levels

TERM

Parathyroid gland

DEFINITION

Found on posterior surface of thyroid gland

Parathyroid hormone

Raises blood calcium level

TERM

Adrenal gland

DEFINITION

Found on top of the kidney

Adrenal cortex

Secretes corticosteroids such as aldosterone and cortisol

Aldosterone

promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.

Cortisol

Adrenal cortex hormone that influences metabolism and immunity; secretions rise with stress.

Adrenal medulla

Secretes Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Adrenaline

Norepinephrine

Alertness and arousal

TERM

Pineal gland

DEFINITION

Secretes melatonin

Melatonin

A hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness.

TERM

Pancreas

DEFINITION

Responsible for both endocrne and digestive functions

Acinar cells

Exocrine function; secretes digestive enzymes

Islets of Langerhans

cell clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of that organ

Alpha cells

Pancreatic cells that secretes glucagon

Glucagon

Raises blood glucose levels

Beta cells

Pancreatic cells that secretes insulin

Insulin

Lowers blood glucose levels

TERM

Testes

DEFINITION

Male sex gland; produces testosterone

TERM

Ovaries

DEFINITION

Female sex gland; produces estrogen and progesterone

Testosterone

Male sex hormone

Estrogen

Female sex hormone

Progesterone

A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle.

Humoral response

Responds to changing levels of ions or nutrients in blood

Neural response

Stimulation by nerves

Hormonal response

Stimulation received from other hormones

Gigantism

High levels of GH in childhood

Acromegaly

High levels of GH in adulthood

Dwarfism

Insufficient growth hormone in childhood

Diabetes Insipidus

Hypersecretion of ADH

Diabetes mellitus

Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

Hyperthyroidism

Overactive thyroid which may cause a goiter; Grave's disease

Hypothyroidism

Underactive thyroid gland

Cushing's Syndrome

Excess secretion of ACTH thus creating too much cortisol.

Addison's Disease

Low secretion of adrenal hormones

TERM

Thymus

DEFINITION

Lymphatic organ and helps mature T cells