K103 IUPUI Exam 3 - Dr. Yost

what type of organisms have circulatory systems

larger, more active animals

purpose of circulatory system

more efficient movement of nutrients, wastes, gases

major components of circulatory system

fluid

pump

vessels

cells

what is the fluid in an open circulatory system? pigment? cells?

hemolymph

hemocyanin

no

what is the fluid in an closed circulatory system? pigment? cells?

blood

hemoglobin

yes

the fluid in an open circulatory system is blood mixed with ___________

lymph

invertebrates have _____ chambers of the heart

3

insects have what kind of heart

pulsating vessel

tubular heart in an insect that promotes hemolymph return

ostia

tracheal tubes replace ______ in insects

lungs or gills

__________ have a closed system

cephalopods

where is the circulatory system located in vertebrates

ventral

what is the circulatory organ in cnidarians

gastrovascular cavity

arthropods and most mollusks have ________ circulatory system

open

hemolymph flows into the sinuses called _________

hemocoel

what are the chambers of an open circulatory system heart

2 atria

1 ventricle

which circulatory system are blue bloods

open

earthworms and other annelids have a _________ circulatory system

closed

earthworms have what pigment

hemoglobin

tiniest blood vessels; permit exchange of materials between blood and interstitial fluid

capillaries

capillaries

tiniest blood vessels; permit exchange of materials between blood and interstitial fluid

components of blood

plasma and formed elements

blood is ______ viscous than water

more

production of RBC

erythropoesis

hormone that produces RBC

erythropoetin

production of RBC occurs where

red marrow

function of RBC

transporting oxygen

pigment in RBC

hemoglobin

biconcave; enucleated

red blood cell

enzyme in RBC

carbonic amylase

deficiency in RBC total number or amount of hemoglobin causes

deficiency in oxygen transport

decreased production of hemoglobin

A. iron deficiency

B. pernicious anemia

C. hemolytic

iron deficiency

decreased production of RBC

A. iron deficiency

B. pernicious anemia

C. hemolytic

pernicious anemia

increased destruction of RBC

A. iron deficiency

B. pernicious anemia

C. hemolytic

hemolytic

5 leukocytes (Never let monkeys eat bananas)

neutrophil

lymphocyte

monocytes

eosinophils

basophils

which leukocytes are agranular

lymphocyte

monocytes

which leukocytes are granular

neutrophil

eosinophils

basophils

WBC produced where

red marrow

defensive cells

WBC

which cells are amoeba-like; diapedesis

WBC

what do kidneys release in response to a decrease in oxygen

erythropoietin

deficiency in hemoglobin

anemia

phagocytic WBC that ingest bacteria

neutrophil

WBC: main protection against protist and parasitic organism; contain lysosome

eosinophils

WBC: source of histamine

basophil

histamine

vasodilator

basophils are a source of _______ and _______

histamine

heparin

anticoagulant

heparin

WBC: T or B cells

lymphocytes

B cells

produce antibodies

T cells

attack invaders

WBC: largest; migrate from blood into tissues; macrophages

monocytes

type A blood makes _____ antibody

B

when you have a cut, the factors that initiate the clotting are:

1.

2.

intrinsic - blood

extrinsic - damaged tissue

intrinsic

blood

extrinsic

damaged tissue

extrinsic is faster or slower

faster

why does fibrinogen convert to fibrin

blood clotting

fibrin

insoluble; bridges the gap across cut and closes gap in cut

prothrombin is converted to thrombin when what is released in a cut

calcium

steps for blood clotting

calcium causes prothrombin to convert to thrombin, fibrinogen to convert to fibrin, fibrin forms a web

takes blood away from heart

artery

types of arteries

elastic

muscular

pulmonary

pulmonary artery

takes blood from heart to lungs

elastic artery

aorta

muscular arteries regulate

blood pressure

arteries leak into

arterioles

arterioles leak into

capillaries

types of capillaries

continuous

fenestrated

sinusoidal

capillaries: small clefts; transcytosis; BBB

continuous

capillaries: large clefts; pores

fenestrated

capillaries: large clefts; whole cells; large molecules; no regulation

sinusoidal

________ carry blood away from the heart; it divides into ________; which deliver blood into __________; which merge to form ________

arteries

arterioles

capillaries

veins

layers of blood vessel

endothelium

smooth muscle

CT

since gases and nutrients can't pass through the walls of arteries and veins, how are they exchanged?

blood and fluid

connects arterioles and venules

capillary bed

circular opening muscle

sphincter

small vessels that link arterioles with venules and skip the capillary bed

metarterioles

hydrostatic pressure

outward pressure of blood through capillary

colloidal pressure (osmotic)

inward pressure of blood through capillary

what happens to hydrostatic pressure as blood approaches venous end

lowers

what happens to osmotic pressure of blood as it approaches venous end

nothing

blood pressure against capillary wall

hydrostatic pressure

vertebrate heart

1-2 atria

1-2 ventricles

fish heart

1 atria

1 ventricle

amphibian heart

2 atria

1 ventricle

reptile heart

2 atria

2 ventricles

birds and mammal heart

2 atria

2 ventricles

linear heart

fish heart