HUMAN ORGANISM

ANATOMY

the study of form/structure

means “a cutting open”, is the study of the internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships among body parts.

GROSS ANATOMUY

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

2 TYPES OF ANATOMY

GROSS ANATOMY

large structure such as the brain

involves the examination of the reelatively large structures and features usually visible with the unaided eye.

SURFACE ANATOMY

REGIONAL ANATOMY

SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

3 TYPES OF GROSS ANATOMY

SURFACE ANATOMY

marking of the body to undertsnad internal anatomy through visualization and palpation

REGIONAL ANATOMY

specific regions of the body such as head or chest

SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

the body is studies system by system

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

can deal with the same structure

PHYSIOLOGY

the study of funtion

the scientific nvestigation of the processes ir functions of living things

iften examines systems rather than regions because a particular function can involve portions of a system in more than one region

EMBRYOLOGY

the first eaight weeks of development adter fertilization of human egg

DEVELOPMENT BIOLOGY

complete development of an indicvidual from fertiization to death

CYTOLOGY OR CELL BIOLOGY

cellular structure and functions

examines the structural features of cels

HISTOLOGY

microscopic structures of tissues

composed of cells and the materials surrounding them

BRANCH OF ANATOMY

ANATOMICAL ANATOMY

PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY

ANATOMICAL ANATOMY

internal body structures that can be utilizedd with techniques such as X-rays, MRI, CT SCANS, and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical intervention

PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY

structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

ENDOCRINOLOGY

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

IMMUNOLOGY

RESPIRATOEY PHYSIOLOGY

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

BRANCH OF PHYSIOLOGY

MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY

function of individual molecules such as protein and DNA

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

functional properties of nerve cells

ENDOCRINOLOGY

hormones (chemical regulations in the blood) and how they control body functions

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

function of the heart and blood vessels

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

functional changes associated with disease and aging

PRE-DISPOSING

non-modifiable - no factors

ex: age, sex assigned

PRECIPITATING

modifiable

ex: alcoholic, lifestyle, diet, gender identity, address

ATOMS

CELLS

TISSUES

ORGAN

ORGAN SYSTEMS

ORGANISMS/ ORGANISMAL

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORG. [ACTOOO]

CHEMICAL LEVEL

CELLULAR LEVEL

TISSUE LEVEL

ORAGN LEVEL

ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL

ORGANISMAL LEVEL

FUNDAMENTAL FIGURE

CHEMICAL LEVEL

atoms combine to form molecules

CELLULAR LEVEL

cells are made up of molecules

TISSUE LEVEL

consist of similar types of cells

• Epithelial

• Connective

• Muscle

• Nervous

ORGAN LEVEL

made up of different types of tissues

ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL

consist of defferent organs that work together closely

ORGANISMAL LEVEL

human organisms are made up of many organ system

METABOLISM

RESPONSIVENESS

MOVEMENT

GROWTH

DIFFERENTATION

REPRODUCTION

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING

METABOLISM

sum of all the chemical process that occur in the body

CATABOLISM

ANABOLISM

2 TYPES OF METABOLISM

CATABOLISM

or the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

ANABOLISM

of the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

RESPONSIVENESS

body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

• decrease in body temp

• responding to sound

• nerve ( electrical signals)

• muscle cells ( contracting)

MOVEMENT

motion of the whole body

• organ cells, and tiny subcelllular structures

• leg muscles move th body from one place to another

GROWTH

increase in body size

• due to an increase in existing cells, number of cells, or both

• in bone growth materials between cells increase

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

a thin layer of hyaline cartilage where children and adolecents grow in height

ACROMEFALY

gigantism

hormonal disorder in adults that happens when pituiatry gland produces too much growth hormone over a long time

DIFFERENTATION

development of a cell from an unspecialized to specialized state

• cells have specialized structures and functions that differ from presursor cells

• stem cells gives rise to cells that undergo development

REPRODUCTION

formation of new cells (growth, repair, or replacement)

production of new individual

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

REPIRATORY SYSTEM

CARDIOVASSCULAR SYSTEM

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

URINARY SYSTEM

ORGAN SYSTEM OF THE HUMAN BODY

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

protects the body and helps regulate temperature

• SKIN

• HAIR

• NAILS

• SWEAT GLANDS

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

the gas exchange system helps rehulate blood pH

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

this system transports nutrients, wastes, gases, and hormones

• HEART

• BLOOD VESSELS

• BLOOD

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

removes foreign hormones substances and sombats disease

• LYMPHATIC VESSELS

• LYMPH NODES

• THYMUS

• SPLEEN

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

perfroms digestion and nutrient absorption

• LIVER

• GALLBLADDER

• PANCREAS

SKELETAL SYSTEM

provides support and allows body movement through bones and system

• PROTECTION

• SUPPORT

• BLOOD-CELL PRODUCTION

• MINERAL STORAGE

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

produces movement, maintains posturem and produces heat

NERVOUS SYSTEM

detects sensations and controls movement

• BRAIN

• SPINAL CORD

• NERVES

• SENSORY RECEPTORS

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

influences metabolis, frowth, and reproduction through hormones

URINARY SYSTEM

removes wastes and regulates water and ion balance

order the flow of urine through the urinary system

• KIDNEY

• URETERS

• URINARY BLADDER

• URETHRA

Embryology

Developmental Biology

Cytology (cell biology)

histology

Anatomical Anatomy

Pathological Anatomy

BRANCH OF ANATOMY

MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

ENDOCRINOLOGY

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

IMMUNOLOGY

RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

BRANCH OF PHYSIOLOGY