original jurisdiction
court is the first one to hear a case - US district courts and SCOTUS
appellate jurisdiction
court can only hear a case on appeal - court of appeals and SCOTUS
stare decisis
when cases are decided based off previous court decisions
judicial activism
when judges strike down laws/reverse public policy
judicial restraint
when judges hesitate to strike down laws unless they are clearly unconstitutional
concurring opinion
written by a justice who votes with the majority but disagrees with their reasoning as to why
dissenting opinion
written or signed by any justice that disagrees with the majority
⅔ Senate Approval
Lifetime Appointments
Can be removed for bad behavior
All cases in law under the Constitution (Civil Liberties)
Cases affecting ambassadors
Maritime Jurisdiction
Controversies between states
Between state and citizen of another state
article iii of the constitution
Believes Judicial Branch is important because it didn’t exist with the A of C
Independent
Judicial Review is a good thing
Duty to declare acts void
Judiciary is weak (Sword V Purse)
fed 78
marbury v madison constitutional principle
judicial review
marbury v madison facts
marbury went to SCOTUS for writ of mandamus
marbury v madison decision
unanimous for madison
us v lopez constitutional principle
federalism + commerce clause
us v lopez facts
a kid brought a gun to school
state charges were dropped and he was changed with breaking federal law instead
us v lopez decision
5-4 for lopez
mcculloch v maryland constitutional principle
necessary and proper clause + supremacy clause
mcculoch v maryland facts
gov built a nat’l bank in maryland
maryland tried to tax nat’l bank
mcculoch v maryland decision
unanimous for mcculloch (usa)
Ability to Impeach & Remove a judge
Add additional judges to the court
Propose an Amendment to the Constitution
Pass a law that limits the Court rulings
legislative checks on the judicial branch
Appt. of Justices to alter the ideological balance of the court.
Add additional judges to the court
Ignore or not enforce rulings
Create an Executive Order that limits the ruling
executive checks on the judicial branch
Ignore SCOTUS ruling
Pass laws/amend Constitution in response to a ruling
state checks on the judicial branch
Protest for change - such as legislation to be passed
File an Amicus Curiae brief in a similar case
File another case to overturn ruling
citizen + interest group checks on the judicial branch