pogo test judiciary branch

original jurisdiction

**court is the first one to hear a case - US district courts and SCOTUS**

appellate jurisdiction

**court can only hear a case on appeal - court of appeals and SCOTUS**

stare decisis

**when cases are decided based off previous court decisions**

judicial activism

**when judges strike down laws/reverse public policy**

judicial restraint

**when judges hesitate to strike down laws unless they are clearly unconstitutional**

concurring opinion

**written by a justice who votes with the majority but disagrees with their reasoning as to why**

dissenting opinion

**written or signed by any justice that disagrees with the majority**

* ⅔ Senate Approval
* Lifetime Appointments
* Can be removed for bad behavior
* All cases in law under the Constitution (Civil Liberties)
* Cases affecting ambassadors
* Maritime Jurisdiction
* Controversies between states
* Between state and citizen of another state

article iii of the constitution

* Believes Judicial Branch is important because it didn’t exist with the A of C
* Independent
* Judicial Review is a good thing
* Duty to declare acts void
* Judiciary is weak (Sword V Purse)

fed 78

marbury v madison constitutional principle

judicial review

marbury v madison facts

marbury went to SCOTUS for writ of mandamus

marbury v madison decision

unanimous for madison

us v lopez constitutional principle

federalism + commerce clause

us v lopez facts

a kid brought a gun to school

state charges were dropped and he was changed with breaking federal law instead

us v lopez decision

5-4 for lopez

mcculloch v maryland constitutional principle

necessary and proper clause + supremacy clause

mcculoch v maryland facts

gov built a nat’l bank in maryland

maryland tried to tax nat’l bank

mcculoch v maryland decision

unanimous for mcculloch (usa)

* Ability to Impeach & Remove a judge 
* Add additional judges to the court
* Propose an Amendment to the Constitution
* Pass a law that limits the Court rulings

legislative checks on the judicial branch

* Appt. of Justices to alter the ideological balance of the court. 
* Add additional judges to the court  
* Ignore or not enforce rulings 
* Create an Executive Order that limits the ruling 

executive checks on the judicial branch

* Ignore SCOTUS ruling
* Pass laws/amend Constitution in response to a ruling 

state checks on the judicial branch

* Protest for change - such as legislation to be passed
* File an Amicus Curiae brief in a similar case
* File another case to overturn ruling

citizen + interest group checks on the judicial branch