Gender schema theory

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5 Terms

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Gender schema theory:

Martin and Halverson agree with Kohlberg - children develop their schema by actively structuring their own learning rather than observing (SLT).

They disagree with Kohlberg - children develop their gender schema much earlier, age 2-3.

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Ingroup/outgroup:

  • Children have a better understanding of the schema of their gender identity (ingroup).

  • Pay more attention to relevant info to their group.

  • Ingroup identity serves to increase the child’s level of self-esteem.

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Opposing findings

Damon (1977) told 4 and 6 year olds about George who liked to play with dolls. 4 year olds said it was fine, 6 year olds said it was wrong (gender constancy and rigid stereotypes.

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Reductionist

Doesn’t account for biological effects, e.g. Wang.

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Research support

Martin and Halverson (1983) children under 6 were more likely to remember photographs of stereotypically gender-appropriate behaviour than not when tested a week later. Children tended to change the gender in gender-inappropriate tasks.