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What are the three main types of blood vessels
Arteries, Veins, Capillaries
How are arteries and veins similar
they have layers of tissue and carry blood.
How are arteries and veins different in structure and funtion?
Arteries have thick walls and carry blood away from the heart, while veins have thin walls and carry blood toward the heart.
Which blood vessels are responsible for gas exchange?
Capillaries
What are the three tunics (layers) of blood vessels?
Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica externa
What tissue types make up the tunica media?
Smooth muscle and elastic fibers
what tissue type makes up tunica externa
collagen fibers, elastic fibers
what tissue type makes up tunica intima
endothelial cells
What is vasoconstriction
the narrowing of blood vessels
what is vasodilation
the widening of blood vessels.
What is the function of arterioles?
Regulate blood flow into capillary beds.
Where are sinusoidal capillaries found, and why are they special
liver, spleen, and bone marrow. They have large gaps for easier exchange
What causes varicose veins
Weakened valves that lead to blood pooling
What is an aneurysm, and how is it related to hypertension
It is a bulge in the arterial wall, often caused by the pressure from high blood pressure
What is the relationship between blood pressure and blood flow?
As blood pressure increases, blood flow also increases
What is the most important factor in regulating blood vessel resistance?
Diameter of blood vessels
How is blood pressure regulated by the nervous system?
Baroreceptors detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to adjust vessel diameter and heart rate
What is the primary function of veins
carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
what is the function of arteries
carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart
What does the systolic pressure represent?
heart contracts
What does the diastolic pressure represent?
heart rest at beats
What is the role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?
detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to adjust it
Where are baroreceptors primarily located?
aorta, carotid arteries
What do chemoreceptors monitor in the blood?
the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood.
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
What is hypotension
Low blood pressure
Which of the following is a common cause of hypertension
High salt intake
What is a common cause of hypotension
dehydration, blood loss
Which of the following diseases is most associated with damage to the alveoli of the lungs?
Emphysema
What causes asthma?
Inflammation and narrowing of the airways, often triggered by allergens.
