Atoms and the Periodic Table

Flashcards on Atoms and the Periodic Table

Give three properties of typical metals.

Shiny, good conductor of electricity, good conductor of heat, malleable, ductile, mainly solid at room temperature.

Isotopes

Elements with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons.

Compare the trends in reactivity as you move down Group 1, Group 7 and Group 0.

Group I are more reactive going down the group, Group 7 less reactive moving down the group, Group 0 are not reactive.

State three things that increase as you move down Group 1, Group 7 and Group 0.

Atomic number, atomic mass, number of energy levels.

Name three elements that are metals.

Any three elements from the left side of the 'stairs' on the periodic table (e.g., Lithium, Sodium, Potassium).

Give three properties of typical non-metals.

Dull, non-conductive of heat, non-conductive of electricity, mostly liquid or gases at room temperature.

Properties of alkali metals

Solid at room temperature, very reactive in water, good conductors, shiny when cut, soft.

Properties of halogens

Solid, liquid, or gases at room temperature, very reactive, poor conductors, solids are brittle.

Properties of noble gases

All gases at room temperature, all poor conductors, all unreactive.

Name three elements that are non-metals.

Elements found on the right side of stairs.

NaCl- Sodium Chloride contains:

Sodium + Chloride

MgO - Magnesium Oxide contains:

Magnesium+Oxygen

MgS- Magnesium Sulphide contains:

Magnesium + Sulphur

FeS- Iron Sulphide contains:

Iron + Sulphur

Compare diamond and graphite.

Both are covalent substances. Diamond has 4 covalent bonds, is very hard and does not conduct. Graphite has 3 carbon bonds, is flat, has 1 atom free, so can conduct electricity, is a lot softer.

Describe why the noble gases are so unreactive.

They have Full Outer Shells

Complete the following for Acid reactions: Metal + Acid

When a metal reacts with an acid, a metal Salt and Hydrogen gas are produced.

Complete the following for Acid reactions: Metal Carbonate + Acid

When a Metal Carbonate reacts with an acid, a metal salt and Water and Carbon dioxide gas are produced.

When a gas is produced during a reaction, why might the mass go down?

Gas is released to the atmosphere and the reaction vessel is open.

sodium + chlorine →

sodium chloride

lithium + iodine →

lithium Iodide

potassium + bromine →

Potassium bromide

How are the groups arranged in the periodic table?

By their properties

How can you tell that the alkali metals are very reactive?

Only 1 electron in outer shell

How can you tell the noble gases are unreactive?

Full outer shells

List 3 halogens

Chlorine, lodine, Fluorine, Astatine.

How many electrons do halogens have in their outer shell?

7

Describe how the reactivity changes as you go down the group with halogens.

Become less reactive as atom is larger and harder for positive protons to attract them.

When an Alkali and an acid react, it is known as a Neutralisation reaction because…

Water is produced

Describe what happens to the reactivity of the alkali metals as you go down the group.

More reactive

Why are alkali metals more reactive as you go down the group?

Outer electron is furthest away from the Positive Protons

sodium + water →

Sodium hydroxide and Hydrogen gas

Some metals react with acid to produce…

salt and hydrogen.