Crop Classification Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering crop classification by life cycle, commodity, and botanical characteristics based on the Agriculture Unit lecture.

What are the three main approaches used by agriculturists to classify crops?

1. According to Life Cycle, 2. According to Uses (Commodity), 3. According to Botanical and Morphological Characteristics.

How is an annual crop defined?

A crop that completes its growth and production cycle within one year or less, needing to be replanted from seeds or vegetative materials for the next cycle.

What is the typical life cycle duration for Paddy ($Oryza\,sativa$)?

$125\text{--}135\,days$, depending on the varieties.

What characterizes the life cycle of biennial crops?

They complete their life cycle in two years: the first year is for vegetative growth and food reserve storage, and the second year is for reproductive growth (flowers, fruits, and seeds).

Provide two examples of biennial crops mentioned in the notes.

Carrot ($Daucus\,carota$) and Cabbage ($Brassica\,oleracea\,var.\,capitata$).

What is the life span of perennial crops?

A life span of more than two years, allowing them to continue growing and producing harvestable products for many years without replanting after each harvest.

Which perennial crop is typically replanted after $25\,years$ due to declining productivity?

Oil palm ($Elaeis\,guineensis$).

List three perennial crops that are commercially managed under a $1\text{--}2\,year$ production cycle despite having a long natural life span.

Banana ($Musa\,spp.$), Pineapple ($Ananas\,comosus$), and Sugarcane ($Saccharum\,officinarum$).

According to commodity classification, what categories do cloves and cinnamon fall into?

Spices.

What are the three main leguminous cover crops mentioned?

Centrosema, Pueraria, and Calopogonium.

What percentage of national rice requirement does Malaysia produce?

Approximately $60\text{--}70\%$, with the remainder imported from countries like Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia.

What are 'Padi Putra 1' and 'Padi Putra 2'?

High-performing Climate-Ready ($CR$) rice varieties developed by Universiti Putra Malaysia ($UPM$).

Where and when was the first commercial scale oil palm plantation founded in Malaysia?

In 1917 at Tennamaram Estate, Kuala Selangor.

The widely planted oil palm hybrid 'TENERA' is a cross between which two types?

DURA (female) and PISIFERA (male).

When can rubber ($Hevea\,brasiliensis$) trees typically be tapped?

About $4\,years$ after planting, once the trunks reach approximately $45\,cm$ in girth at $150\,cm$ from the ground level.

Define the rubber product 'SMR'.

Standard Malaysian Rubber; a high-quality processed rubber graded according to technical specifications used in tyre and rubber industries.

What are the two types of rubber clones developed for productivity?

Latex clones (for high yield) and Latex-timber clones ($LTC$), which produce both latex and valuable rubberwood.

Which coconut variety is a hybrid of Malayan Dwarf and Tagnanan Tall?

MATAG Hybrid Coconut.

What is the industrial use of Kenaf ($Hibiscus\,cannabinus$)?

It is a fiber crop used for paper/pulp production, biodegradable packaging, animal bedding, and composite materials.

Match the horticulture branch to its definition: Olericulture, Pomology, and Floriculture.

Olericulture: cultivation of vegetable crops; Pomology: study of fruit and nut crops; Floriculture: cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants.

What is Viticulture?

The cultivation and harvesting of grapes, most often for the purpose of winemaking.

Distinguish between Monocot and Dicot leaf venation.

Monocot veins are usually parallel, while Dicot veins are usually netlike.

Distinguish between Monocot and Dicot root systems.

Monocots have a fibrous root system (no main root), while Dicots usually have a taproot (main root).

What is the botanical classification of Durian ($D24$)?

Order: Angiosperm; Group: Dicotyledon; Family: Malvaceae/Bombacaceae; Genus: Durio; Species: $Durio\,zibethinus$; Variety/clone: $D24$.