Chapter 18 Review Questions and Vocab

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16 Terms

1
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Which of these was not a successful invention of the era?

Movies with sound

2
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What was the major advantage of Westinghouse’s “alternating current” power invention?

it allows machines to be farther from the power source

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Which of the following “robber barons” was notable for the exploitative way he made his fortune in railroads?

Jay Gould

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Which of the following does not represent one of the management strategies that John D. Rockefeller used in building his empire?

Social Darwinism

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What was one of the key goals for which striking workers fought in the late nineteenth century?

an Eight hour workday

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Which of the following was not a key goal of the Knights of Labor?

a graduated income tax on personal wealth

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Which of the following did not contribute to the growth of a consumer culture in the United States at the close of the nineteenth century?

greater disposable income

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Haymarket affair

the rally and subsequent riot in which several policemen were killed when a bomb was thrown at a peaceful workers rights rally in Chicago in 1886

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holding company

a central corporate entity that controls the operations of multiple companies by holding the majority of stock for each enterprise 

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horizontal integration

method of growth wherein a company grows through mergers and acquisitions of similar companies

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Molly Maguires

a secret organization made up of Pennsylvania coal miners, named for the famous Irish patriot, which worked through a series of scare tactics to bring the plight of the miners to public attention

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monopoly

the ownership or control of all enterprises comprising an entire industry robber baron a negative term for the big businessmen who made their fortunes in the massive railroad boom of the late nineteenth century

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scientific management

mechanical engineer Fredrick Taylor’s management style, also called “stop-watch management,” which divided manufacturing tasks into short, repetitive segments and encouraged factory owners to seek efficiency and profitability over any benefits of personal interaction

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Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer’s theory, based upon Charles Darwin’s scientific theory, which held that society developed much like plant or animal life through a process of evolution in which the most fit and capable enjoyed the greatest material and social success

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trust

a legal arrangement where a small group of trustees have legal ownership of a business that they operate for the benefit of other investors

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vertical integration

a method of growth where a company acquires other companies that include all aspects of a product’s life cycle from the creation of the raw materials through the production process to the delivery of the final product