Chapter 17 Blood

Blood

is a fluid circulated by the cardiovascular system

Distribution

transports substances

Example of distribution

Oxygen and Nutrients

Regulation

maintains homeostasis

Ex Regulation

body temp, blood pH, and blood volume

Protection

From blood loss and infection

Protection example

cells, proteins, and WBCs

Body Temperature

100.4 F distrubutes heat through the body through blood

Blood PH

7.35- 7.45 maintained by buffers in the blood.

Blood volume

5 liters regulated by ions and proteins.

Whole Blood

blood and it's entirety collected blood

plasma is what percentage of whole blood?

55%

What are the components of Blood

Distribution, Protection, and Regulation

Plasma

55% fluid component whole blood largest and least desnse component.

45% formed elements cellular component _____

RBCs, WBCs, Platelets

Red Blood Cells are __?

Erythocytes

Red Blood Cells

45% eroythcytes most dense component

White Blood Cells are

Luekocytes

Platelets are

Thromobocytes

Bufffy coat

Is a thin white layer between plasma and blood less than 1 % of whole blood

Hematocrit

percentage of whole blood that is made by RBC (45% ) estimate oxygen carried in blood.

Serum

plasma without clotting proteins

All ____ are made in the ____ expect ____ and _____

proteins, plasma, antibodies and hormones.

Percentage of water in plasma

91.5%

Water

91.5% (solvent dissolves)

Perctange of protein in plasma

7%

Proteins in plasma are

solute dissolves in different clotting proteins

Proteins

7% albumin, globulins, clotting protein, and other proteins.

Albumin

most abundant plasma protein and its a transport protein

Globulins

alpha, beta, and gamma (antibodies of immuno goblins made by the immune system)

Clotting proteins

fibrogen (most abundant), glucose (for energy), amino acids (building blocks of proteins 20 types), and fats (lipids, triglyceride, cholesterol, and vitamins.)

Other proteins

enzymes that compliment hormones made by the endocrine system.

other substances percentage

1.5

other substances

Nitrogenous wastes, nutrients, ions, and gases

Nitrogenous wastes

poison distributed to the kidney for elimination (urine)

Urea

most abundant product of protein metabolism

Uric Acid

by product and breakdown of nucleic acid

Croatinel

by product of muscle metabolism

Billrubin

Result of breakdown of Red Blood Cells.

Ion

charged particle

Postive Ion

Cation

Negative Ion

Anion

Cation

Na, K (action potential) Ca2+ (blood clotting) Mg2(Nervous System)

Anions

I, phosphate, sulfate, biocarbonte,

Biocarbonate

apart of buffer carbonic acid, bicarbonate for blood Ph

Gases

Mainly RBcs but present in plasma O2, 25% of CO2 is in plasma

Red Bone Marrow

apart of the skeletal system inside certain bones forms all blood cells.

Hemopoiesis

blood cell formation within red bone marrow.

RBC production

erythopoeisis; stimulated by erythropoietin hormone made by the kidney.

Platet production

Thromobppoiesis; stimulated by thrombopoietin hormone made by the liver

WBC production

luekopoiesis stimulated by interluekins colony of stimulating factors. (5 types of fusions for WBCs processes)

Erythropoiesis

formation of red blood cells

Pathway of Hemopoiesis step one

stem cell starter cell for any element

Pathway of Hemopoiesis step two

Myeloid stem cell can only develop into platelets and 4/5 WBCs

Pathway of Hemopoiesis step three

Reticulocyte a young Rbc filled with hemoglobin (protein) to allow oxygen carrying.

Pathway of Hemopoiesis step 4

Gets rid of nucleus and organelles young RBC

Pathway of Hemopoiesis step 5

enters blood after 1-2 days all organelles are gone becoming a sac hemoglobin becoming a mature RBC lasts 100-120 days

Pathway of Hemopoiesis

Hematopoietic stem cell—> myeloid stem cell—> Reticulocyte—→ Eurothcyte

____ are incomplete cells lacking nucleus and organelles

Red Blood Cells

____ RBC per _____ of _____

4-6 million, microliter, whole blood

______ shape _____ in ______ affects blood _____

Bicon, 7.5-8, micrometer, diamter, viscosity

Red Blood cell function

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Reticuloyte birth rate

1-2 % of RBcs that are young

___ equals what portion of hemoglobin

4 hemes equals oxygen binding portion.

____ located in the ___ of each heme

Iron, center

___ equals what portion of hemoglobin

Globin equals protein portion of hemoglobin

Globin consists of

2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains

Globin 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains equal

4 polypeptide chains

____ can carry ____ O2

1 hemoglobin, 4

____ RBC can carry ____ O2

1, 1 billion

The ____ RBCS die

Spleen

Macrophonges

within spleen destroy RBCs

Breakdown products of hemoglobin step 1

The globin in hemoglobin are broken down into amino acids to be released

Breakdown products of hemoglobin step 2

The iron in the bone is stored as ferilin and transported as transferrin.

Breakdown products of hemoglobin step 3

The hemeglobin (red) ia converted into billirubin (yellow) removed by liver and converted into bile (brown) in the digestive system

hemeglobin

Red

billrubin

Yellow

Bile

Brown

WBCs are ___ cells

Completed

WBCs percentage of whole blood

Less than 1%

Wbcs function

Immunity resistance to disease

Characteristics of WBC

Emigration (can leave into the capillaries)

Chemotaxis (attracted to certain chemicals within infections)

Most are engulfed by phagoctosis.

5 types of leukocytes (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas)

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Esinophils, Basophils

Different WBC count

Relative abundance of different kinds of WBcs in the blood

Neutrophils percentage

60-70%

Lymphocytes percentage

20-25%

Monocytes percentage

3-8%

Eosinophils percentage

2-4%

Basophils

0.5-1%

Lymphocytes life cycle

Lymphocytes turn into Hematopotic stem cells→ Lymphoid stem cell→ B Lymphocytes or T lymphocytes

Monocytes, Esinophils, and Basophils cycle MEB

Hematoptic stem cell→ myeloid stem cell→ develops into any wbcs

Granulocytes

WBCs having visible cytoplasmic granules

Argranules

Wbcs lacking visible granules

Monocytes

when emigration delevops into macrophage best monocyte

Luekopoeisis

White blood cell formation

Platets

Cell fragments

Platets are ______ per ___ of whole blood

150,000-400,000 per microliter of whole blood

size of platets ___ micrometers

2-4

function of platets

protection from blood loss

Thrombopoesis

Formation of platets