Immigration Test -- Blake

New Netherlands

Manhattan was originally called \_______________

Dutch

New York was originally a \_____ colony

People of New Netherlands

Europeans, Africans, people from the Caribbean, South Americans, Native Americans

Three major waves of immigration

Colonial, Antebellum, New Immigrants

Religiously tolerant

The Dutch were very \___________ \_______________ because it attracted more people

Remonstrance of the Inhabitants of the Town of Flushing

Document concerning Governor Peter Stuyvesant's ban on Quakers in New Netherlands; scolds his intolerance and says that it violates God; echoes the sentiment of the Dutch West India Company when they chastised Stuyvesant for trying to turn away Sephardic Jews.

Dutch West India Company

Helped found New Netherlands to make money

Antebellum Immigrants

1780s and on; Irish Protestant and German; found success with westward expansion

New Immigrants

1870 - 1920; Italians, Greeks, Slavs, Slovaks, Russian Jews, Armenians; came through Ellis Island

Pull factors for New Immigrants

Freedom of speech, open borders, established communities

Push factors for New Immigrants

War, antisemitism, genocide, etc

Jacob Riis

Author of "How the Other Half Lives"

How the Other Half Lives

Document depicting the dirty living conditions of immigrants in NYC; Discusses the Bend, Pasquales, stale bread, etc

Tenements

Poorly built + overcrowded housing for immigrants; very cheap + many people to a room; meant to ease crisis of poverty

Ellis Island

NYC entry point; very efficient; checked documents, name, health, origin, criminal background

Bureau of Immigration

Organized the USA's system of accepting immigrants; established Ellis Island

Commissioner's Plan of 1811

Proposed by NY state legislature; establish "orderly development" of Manhattan between 14th Street and Washington Heights

Creators of Central Park

Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux

Public spaces

Art galleries, natural history museums, theaters, concert/opera halls, libraries; large pull factor of NYC

The Bend

Slums of NYC

Into the streets

Where did waste and flushed water flow?

Max Blank and Isaac Harris

Owners of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Sharecropping

What caused the Southern economy to stabalize?

Gibson Girl

A beautiful, active, and classically feminine archetype of a woman

Clara Lendich

Organized massive strike; demanded 20% increase wage, 52 hour workweek and overtime pay

Triangle Factory

11 hrs / 6 days per week; low pay + training wages for young workers; trailed to the bathroom so they won't steal; exits locked; anti-union; cared little about health and wellbeing

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

1911; mostly female workers were killed in a workplace accident; very public

Fire departments, fireproof buildings, safety codes

What were the positive effects of the repeated workplace fire accidents?

Union

An association of workers formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages

Inward-opening doors, stacked clothing, no sprinklers

Name three things that fueled the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Tammany Hall

NYC's political machine

Outcomes of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Tammany hall takes on cause of workers; 25 bills passed in NY to protect the safety and wellbeing of workers: mandatory fire drills in large workshops, doors are kept unlocked and have to swing outward, protection for women and children workers, automatic sprinklers in all shops

Triangle: The Fire that Changed America

Document describing the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire; includes story of a man trying to identify his young cousins' bodies

Democrats

Who had the political majority in NYC?

Nativism

Favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people

Xenophobia

Discrimination against foreign or "other" people

Chinese Exclusion Act

Ban on Chinese immigrants; 1882, 1892, 1902

Document A: Pioneer Laundry Workers Flyer

Document encouraging the government to restrict incoming Chinese immigrants; "OUR COUNTRY, OUR PEOPLE, GOD, AND OUR NATIVE LAND."

Document C: Congressional Testimony of California Attorney General

Document transcribing official complaints to government officials; arguing that Chinese immigrants steal jobs from superior white Americans