System/ Instrumentation Review

Distillation System

process that separates feed stream components by repeated vaporization and condensation with seperate recovery of vapor and liquids. Work well when boiling points of separated components are not too close

Reactor System

process that chemically alters materials by the application of heat and pressure, usually in the presence of a specific catalyst that initiates, speeds, or intensifies the chemical reaction

Steam Generation System

process that converts high-purity water to high-pressure, high-temperature steam for heating process streams, used as a motive agent for electrical power generation systems and/or a motive agent for mechanical drives

Refrigeration System

system designed for the removal of heat. System consists of a compressor that circulated refrigerant through a condenser, an expansion valve or orifice, and an evaporator. Can provide process cooling or cool a secondary system, such as water

Water Systems

system that includes fire water, process water, potable (drinkable) water, cooling water, demineralized water, and boiler feedwater systems, among others. these systems serve unique purposes within the process and are equally important to unit and process operation

Utility Systems

systems that may include nitrogen, steam, plant air, instrument air, natural gas, compressed gas, and so on. Critical to the operating unit and facility. This includes the waste water disposal, process sewer, and flare systems that safely dispose of liquid and gasous wastes in and environmentally sound manner

Relief Valve System

safety devices designed to open if the pressure in a closed space, such as a vessel or a pipe, exceeds a preset level. It protects personnel, equipment, and the environment by venting the excess pressure

Flare System

device to burn unwanted process gasses before they are released into the atmosphere. Protects site personnel and the environment from exposure to harmful chemicals or hydrocarbons

Control Loop

group of instruments working together to control a single process variable such as temperature, flow, pressure, or level. Components include a sensor, indicator, a controller, and I/P transducer, and a final control element such as a control valve, en electrical switch, or a motor

Motor Control Center

encloser that houses the feeder breakers, motor control units, variable frequency drives, programmable controllers, and metering devices needed to supply power safely to unit equipment

Programmable Logic Controllers

Computer-Based controller that uses multiple inputs to monitor processes and automated outputs to control process at design parameters these controllers are relatively low in cost and typically control specific pieces of equipment or systems with a process unit

Transmitter

Instrumentation device that transmit a specified measurement signal from the measuring element to the control device indicator or recorder such as from a temperature sensing element to a DCS indicator