Exam 4 Study Guide

Unit 7 & 8

veins lead blood ___

to the heart

arteries lead blood ___

away from the heart

the right side of the heart pumps blood to the

lungs

the left side of the heart pumps blood to the

body

capillaries are thin enough to

let oxygen get to the tissues and for CO2 to go into the blood

the biggest veins are the

superior and inferior vena cava

what are the layers of the heart

1) Epicardium (outer layer)

2) Myocardium (middle layer, muscle)

3) Endocardium (inner layer)

What is the “definition” of an artery

they divide and get smaller

arteries branch into arterioles then they

divide into capillaries

once capillaries drop oxygen they form into

venules and merge into veins

the right side of the heart has what kind of blood

deoxygenated

the left side of the heart has what kind of blood

oxygenated

the left ventricle pushes blood to the?

whole body using the aorta

how many pulmonary arteries are there

2

how many pulmonary veins are there

4

what is the blood flow through the heart

R Atrium > R Ventricle > Pulmonary Artery > Lungs > Pulmonary Veins > L Atrium > L Ventricle > Aorta > Body

What are the layers of the blood vessels

Tunica Interna

Tunica Media

Tunica Externa

what blood vessel has a valve

Vein

Valves / Sphincters do what

prevent back flow / one way flow

Veins have what kind of walls

Thin walls

Arteries have what kind of walls

Thick walls

What is considered the conducting zone

everything before the aveoli, trachea, larynx, bronchiWh

What is considered the respiratory zone

everything after the aveoli, aveolar ducts, alveoli, respiratory bronchioles

What is the tissue that lines the nose and mouth

Pseudo Stratified Columnar Epithelium

What bones separate the mouth and nose

Maxillary & Palatine

Proper name for platelets and description

Thrombocytes & very small dot

WBC look like

big circle with stuff inside

RBC look like

circles that all look the same

where is the location of blood cell formation in the body?

Bone Marrow

What is the name for absence granules of WBC

agranulocytes

What is the name for presence granules of WBC

granulocytes

Name the 5 leukocytes

1) Neutrophil (most common)

2) Eosinophil

3) Basophil

4) Lymphocyte

5) Monocyte

What do Neutrophils do?

fight bacteria

What do Eosinophil’s do?

attack parasites

What do Basophil’s do?

cause inflammation

What do Lymphocyte’s do?

coordinate immune system

What do Monocyte’s do?

eats bateria better than neutrophil

Basophil is the color

Blue

Eosinophil is the color

Red

Monocyte’s look like a

horse shoe

Neutrophil looks like

little dots and clumps

Lymphocyte’s look like

a big circle almost taking up the whole leukocyte

List the 4 blood types

Type A

Type B

Type AB

Type O

Blood types are determined by the

presence or absence of certain antigens

What blood type is considered the universal donor

Type O

What blood type is considered a universal receiver

Type AB

What is an Rh factor

an antigen

Semilunar Valves are

Pulmonary & Aortic valves the big ones

what is the name of the sac that encloses the heart

Pericardium

What structures deliver oxygenated blood supply to the heart wall?

aorta & coronary arteries

What structures deliver deoxygenated blood supply to the heart wall?

pulmonary artery & right ventricle

Pulmonary Circuit delivers blood between

heart & lungs

Systemic Circuit delivers

deoxygenated blood to the body then back to the heart

the first branches off the aorta are the & what do they do

L & R coronary arteries & feeds the myocardium

All cardiac veins drain into

coronary sinus then drains into R atrium

If coronary artery gets a clot in the myocardium it can cause

an infarction

tunica media is made of

smooth muscle

tunica interna is

slick & smooth & is where blood flows

tunica externa is made of

collagen proteins to hold everything

capillaries only have

tunica interna

myocardium needs a lot of

oxygen & glucose

when BV turns blue to red it is

picking up oxygen

bigger arteries are made of

elastic tissue

veins have large

lumens

Anastomoses

interconnecting blood vessels

what is the base of brain

Circle of WillisMu

Muscle pump

massaging muscle

respiratory pump

sucking in blood, valve allows it to not exit

inferior vena cava goes back into

R atrium

Jugular veins do what

drain head & face

Carotid Arteries do what

feed face & head

fetus’ have 2 bypasses called

foramen oval & ductus arteriosus

the fetal bypasses do what shortly after birth

they close

if the fetal bypasses do not close after birth there will be

fluid build up in the lungs

the lymphatic system does what 2 things

1) collect & cleans fluid

2) collects nutrient from fatty food

all capillaries leak fluid & lymphatic system does what?

collects it to bring it back to the blood stream

the R lymphatic duct dumps fluid into the

R subclavian vein

the L lymphatic duct drains fluid into the

L subclavian vein

after the L & R lymphatic ducts drains the fluid in the subclavian veins they

go back into the blood stream

the Spleen is a

giant lymph node attached to the blood stream

T lymphocytes do what

kill infected cells

B lymphocytes do what

make antibodies

Thymus function in what cells

T cells

Edema is

fluid build up in tissues

Lymphatic capillaries have

valves to let fluid in, but not fluid out + have low pressure

lymphatic capillaries have 3

tunics & thin walls

hematology is the

study of blood

plasma contains

fluid in blood, have water, proteins, nutrients and hormones etc

RBC do what

carry oxygenated blood (no nucleus)

WBC do what

fights bacteriaP

Platelets do what

stick to rough edges and create blood cells

Serum is what

liquid part of blood WITHOUT clotting proteins

blood types are based on

not offending recipients immune system

+means there

IS Rh protein/antigen

-means having

NO Rh proteins/antigen

ventilation is when

air moves in & out

external respiratory is when

oxygen goes in blood and CO2 comes outi

internal respiratory is when

oxygen goes out of blood into tissue and CO2 gets put in tissue

the cardiovascular system transports

the respiratory gases

the internal portion of the nose ( nasopharynx ) is lined by

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium