Long-Term Memory and Retrieval

These flashcards cover key concepts related to long-term memory, types of memory, memory processes, and techniques to improve memory retrieval.

Long-Term Memory Amnesia

The loss of memory due to brain damage or trauma.

Henry Molaison (H.M.)

A case study exemplifying Long-Term Memory Amnesia where STM functioned, but LTM could not store new memories.

Anterograde amnesia

Inability to create new long-term memories after damage.

Retrograde amnesia

Inability to remember anything prior to the brain damage.

Memory Consolidation

The process where memory storage is integrated and becomes stable in the brain.

Hebbian learning

Principle stating that 'Cells that fire together, wire together'.

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

A mechanism that creates enduring synaptic connections, resulting in increased transmission between neurons.

Reconsolidation

Reactivation of memory consolidation, where memories are updated during recall.

Explicit memory

Type of memory that involves conscious recall, which includes episodic and semantic memory.

Episodic memory

Type of explicit memory pertaining to personal experiences.

Semantic memory

Type of explicit memory involving facts and general knowledge.

Implicit memory

Type of memory that involves knowledge that is not consciously recalled, including procedural memory.

Procedural memory

A type of implicit memory related to the acquisition of skills.

Flashbulb memory

A vivid and detailed memory for an emotionally significant event.

Free recall

Retrieval from memory without any cues to aid memory retrieval.

Cued recall

Retrieval that is facilitated by providing related information.

Recognition

Identifying previously seen or experienced information.

Encoding specificity principle

Retrieval is best when the present context recreates the context in which it was encoded.

State-dependent retrieval

Improved retrieval when the same state is present during both encoding and retrieval.

Mood-dependent retrieval

Better retrieval when the same mood is present during both encoding and retrieval.

Self-testing

A method of improving memory through retrieval practice.

Spacing effect

The phenomenon where information is better remembered when studied over spaced intervals rather than in one long session.