Repository of Primary Sources and Colonial Historiography

Vocabulary flashcards covering primary source repositories in the Philippines and abroad, colonial historiography, and post-WWII Philippine historiographical perspectives.

National Library of the Philippines

A major government institution holding complete microfilm copies of the Philippine Revolutionary Records (1896-1901), Historical Data Papers (1952-1953), presidential papers from Manuel Quezon to Joseph Ejercito, and search aids like the Checklist of Rare Filipiniana Serials (1811-1914).

National Archives of the Philippines

A primary government repository in Manila housing 432 document categories, including Central Administration of Rentals and Properties, Public Finance, Manila Customs, General Register of Chinese, and Criminal matters.

National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)

The government agency responsible for promoting Philippine History and Cultural Heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, sites management, and heraldry works.

National Museum of the Philippines

A government institution located on Padre Burgos Avenue that acquires and documents historical artifacts, archaeological specimens, and canonical works of art to preserve and educate on national identity.

UP Diliman Main Library

An academic repository that holds microfilm copies of Philippine Radical Papers, Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP) documents, and People's Court Proceedings against World War II Japanese collaborators.

Rizal Library

The main library of Ateneo de Manila University that houses the American Historical Collection, Reports of the Philippine Commission (1901-1909), and Annual Reports of the Governors-General of the Philippine Islands (1916-1935).

Archivo General de Indias

An archive located in Sevilla, Spain, containing the bulk of Spanish colonial documentary sources regarding the Philippines.

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

A 1609 book written by Antonio de Morga providing a positive depiction of precolonial Filipino culture, which Jose Rizal annotated in 1890 to counter Spanish cultural bias.

Battle of Balangiga

A Philippine–American War conflict in Samar that led General Jacob H. Smith to order indiscriminate retaliatory attacks on the island, resulting in the deaths of 2,000 to 2,500 people.

General Jacob H. Smith

The American officer who ordered indiscriminate attacks on the island of Samar following the attack at Balangiga, leading to 2,000 to 2,500 Filipino deaths.

Battle of Bud Bagsak

A June 11 to June 15, 1913 battle during the Moro Rebellion phase of the Philippine–American War on Mount Bagsak, Jolo, Sulu, where American forces under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing annihilated defending Moros led by Datu Amil.

General John 'Black Jack' Pershing

The American general who led the attacking troops that annihilated the Moro defenders under Datu Amil at the Battle of Bud Bagsak in June 1913.

Teodoro Agoncillo

A Filipino historian who pioneered nationalist historiography in the 1950s, writing landmark books such as The Revolt of the Masses (1956) and Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic (1960).

Renato Constantino

A nationalist historian who proposed a 'people's history' in opposition to the 'lost history' view, authored 'The Miseducation of the Filipino,' and wrote The Philippines: A Past Revisited (1975).

Pantayong Pananaw

A historiographical approach conceptualized by Zeus Salazar that seeks to understand Philippine history from a native cultural frame, language, and Austronesian roots.

Zeus Salazar

The Filipino historian who conceptualized Pantayong Pananaw to emphasize Austronesian roots and encourage historical research written in the Filipino language.

Reynaldo Ileto

A historian who introduced a 'history from below' framework in his 1979 work Pasyon and Revolution: Popular Movements in the Philippines, 1840-1910 using folk songs and prayers as sources.

Samuel Tan

A historian who mainstreamed the history of Filipino Muslims and cultural communities in national narratives through works like The Filipino Muslim Armed Struggle, 1900-1972 (1978) and A History of the Philippines (1987).

Illustrados

Educated Filipinos of the 19th century whose nation-building contributions are central to elite-centric historical narratives.

Gabriela Silang

A female historical figure who assumed leadership of the Ilocos revolt after her husband was murdered in May 1763.

Tandang Sora

A revolutionary figure who provided her barn and farm to Katipuneros in August 1896, traditionally linked in narratives to her son's Katipunan involvement.

Corazon Aquino

A key figure who rose to political prominence as a martyr's widow and led the movement that deposed a dictatorship in February 1986.