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Lipid Functions

1, Long term Energy/ Insulation (fat/oil)
2. Regulation of Growth/ Developer (sterol, steroid)

3. Protection and water saving (waxes)

4. Cellular Membrane (phospholipids)

Cholesterol

sterol lipid involved in regulation of growth and development

sterol: type of lipid w/ 4 connected rings
- Found in plasma membrane of animals (aid in maintaining the membrane rigidity and shape)

Phospholipids are Amphipathic: (contain both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic component) 

• Can form micelles with the heads facing out and tails facing in 

• Can form membrane bi-layer with heads facing inside and outside the cell with tails interacting with each other.

Phospholipids

Lipids with a phosphate group in the “head” region

Phosphate group: contains P + O

Main component of cellular membranes like plasma and organelle membranes

Amino Acid Groups

• Amino Groups

• Carboxyl Group

• R group/side chain (what makes each amino acid unique and gives it it’s properties (ie. acidic, basic, polar neutral)

  
  

Structure of Proteins- Secondary Structure

Hydrogen Bonding occur between backbone amino acids components to form alpha helices or beta pleated sheets

Structure of Proteins-Tertiary Structure

3. Interactions between R-groups and the aqueous environment (like water) occur to form the protein’s 3D shape

Enzyme Regulation

• Chemical and physical factors can effect the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

1. Enzyme and substrate concentration

2. Temperature

3. pH

4. Presence of inhibitors or activators

Inhibitors or Activators

• Inhibitors reduce enzyme activity:

• Competitive inhibitors bind directly to the active site blocking substrate

• Non-competitive inhibitors bind somewhere else on enzyme to alter the shape of it preventing the substrate from binding

• Activators increase enzyme activity by altering the enzyme’s shape so it can function.