Urban Futures 5.1b

what are the 2 reasons for why cities grow so quickly in LIDCs?

rural-urban migration, internal growth

what is the definition of rural-urban migration?

the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas

what are the urban and rural percentages for access to electricity in zambia?

urban 47%, rural 3%

push factor to move from rural to urban in africa - unemployment

pull factor - potential for employment

push factor to move from rural to urban in africa - lack of services/amenities

pull factor - better service provision

push factor to move from rural to urban in africa - poor safety/security

pull factor - safer atmosphere

push factor to move from rural to urban in africa - concerns about high crime rates

pull factor - low crime rates

push factor to move from rural to urban in africa - crop failure

pull factor - fertile land

push factor to move from rural to urban in africa - drought

pull factor - good food suppliers

push factor to move from rural to urban in africa - flooding

pull factor - less risk of natural hazards

push factor to move from rural to urban in africa - poverty

pull factor - greater wealth/affluence

push factor to move from rural to urban in africa - war

pull factor - political security

what are the extra 2 pull factors for people to move from rural to urban in africa?

a more attractive climate, a more attractive quality of life

what is the definition of amenities?

facilities e.g. parks, schools, transit

what is the definition of affluence?

average consumption of each person in the population

what is a common proxy for measuring consumption?

GDP per capita

what is the definition of a proxy?

a figure used to represent the value of something in a calculation

what is the definition of internal growth?

the growth of a population as a result of a higher birth rate than death rate

what is the definition of birth rate?

number of live babies born per 1,000 people per year

what is the definition of death rate?

number of deaths per 1,000 people per year

why is internal growth high in urban areas of LIDCs?

because most migrants to the city are young

what is the definition of a slum?

a crowded urban area where people live in inadequate housing and poor living conditions

what are the steps for why slums develop?

people move to the city for jobs/education, poor urban planning means cities don’t build enough affordable houses for new residents, therefore citizens develop their own houses where there is available land - often in undesirable locations e.g. near a river, near a railway line

what are the 5 characteristics that slum settlements/slum households lack?

access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, security of tenure, durability of housing, sufficient living area

what is the definition of tenure?

documents which prove the right for people to live where they do

what are the 8 hazards of living in slums?

lack of clean water, cramped living conditions, limited access to electricity, fire hazards caused by building materials, no access to roads, houses are built illegally, build up of rubbish, poor building materials

what are 3 examples of poor building materials that give slum households no protection from weather?

mud, corrugated tin roof, concrete floor

what is the definition of corrugated?

shaped into alternate ridges and grooves