unit 4+5 state exam prep

CNA

the essence of being a ___:

• strong communication

• client rights

• mental health

• age process/restorative care

• safety through understanding data collection, basic skills and techniques, and disease process

• personal care (hygeine, mobility)

characteristics of ____ ____:

• practices and procedures that prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings

• hand hygiene, PPE, environmental sanitation, patient care techniques

chain of infection

how to break the ____ __ ____:

• hand hygeine (#1)

• PPE, proper patient care, cleaning and disinfection, safe food handling

standard precautions

characteristics of ____ ____:

• hand hygeine

• PPE (gloves, mask, gown)

• respiratory hygeine/proper tissue disposal

• safe handling of patient equipment

• proper disposal of waste

contact precautions

characteristics of ____ ____:

• for infections spread by direct or indirect contact

• for MSRA, norovirus, scabies, VRE

• wear gloves and gown

• use patient equipment

• limit patient movement

droplet precautions

characteristics of ____ ____:

• for infections spread by respiratory droplets

• for influenzia, covid-19, mumps,

• surgical mask + eye protection + stand 3-6 feet away

airbourne precautions

characteristics of ____ ____:

• for infections spread through ____ particles

• for tb, measles, chickenpox

• place patient in negative pressure room

• wear n95 respirator/higher-level protection

enteric precautions

characteristics of ____ ____:

• for infections spread through fecal matter/diarrhea

• for Cl difficile, norovirus, rotavirus

• strict hand ygeine and PPE use

• focus on preventing fecal-oral transmission

cleaning

use soap/water/detergent; does not kill all germs

disinfection and sterilazition

chemical disenfictants to kill bacteria and destruction of all microorganisms (including spores) through heat, steam, gas, or chemicals

infections

identifying and reporting ____:

• monitor fever, redness, swelling

• report contaminated equipment/linen

• report concerns about patient isolation needs

vital signs

the main ____ ____:

• temperature

• pulse (rythm and strength)

• respiration (breaths per minute, observe depth and effort)

• BP

• oxygen saturation

good VS documentation

characteristics of ____ ____ ____:

• record measured VS immediately

• used abbr.

• be objective and accurate

• report abnormalities

• follow facility protocols

infection

signs of ____:

• fever/chills

• redness, swelling

• coughing/difficulty breathing

• fatigue/weakness

signs of distress

• sudden difficulty breathing

• severe pain/discomfort

• confused/unresponsive

• excess sweating/dizziness

signs of deterioration

• decline in mobility

• change in appetite/fluid intake

• increased bedsores, rashes, etc

• losing consciousness with lethargy

good reporting

characteristics of ____ ____:

• use clear, objective language

• follow the facility protocols

• communicate promptly

• ensure patient safety

intake vs output

consumption (oral, IV, feeding tube) vs excretion (urine, vomit, drainage)

• purpose: monitor hydration, kidney function, and fluid imbalances

falls

incident reporting ____:

• record time, location, circumstances

• note condition before and after

• document any injuries or complaints

injury

indicent reporting ____:

• describe the type

• note how it occured

• record immediate care provided

unusual behavior

incident reporting ____ ____:

• document agitation, confusion, aggression, or withdrawal

• note triggers or patterns elading to behavior change

• report any safety concerns

documentation

rules for ____:

• factual account of events

• note physical and emotional response

• do not document medical records

• record immediate care and follow-up steps

positioning

guidelines for ____:

• check resident care guide

• do every 2 hours

• ensure good body alignment, use supportive devices if necessary

• avoid shearing (skin not moving with tissue reposition) by using a lift sheet

transferring

guidelines for ____:

• check resident care guide

• grab an extra hand for the mechanical lift

• explain procedures to the resident

• make sure wheels are locked before the process

• allow the resident to calm down or get the nurse if the resident resists

• make sure resident has shoes that fit properly

ambulation

guidelines for ____:

• check resident care guide

• after sitting, allow the resident to dangle their legs off the side of the bed to prevent dizziness/unsteadiness

• place gait belt correctly

• ensure resident has shoes that fit properly

• document the time and length

flexion

bending the joint

extension

straightening the joint

abduction

moving the body part away from the midline

adduction

moving the body part toward the midline

rotation

twisting or turning the joing

supination

palm facing up

pronation

pronation

eversion

rotate sole of foot outward

inversion

rotating sole of the foot outward

dorsiflexion

bending foot/toes towards the head

guidelines for ROM

• review resident care guide

• do exercises from head downward and on both sides of the body

• Never push hard on a joint

• encourage the resident to help as much as possible

• document the amount of repititions completed on each joint

linen/bedmaking

guidelines for ____:

• wash your hands first

• carry away from uniform to avoid contamination

• cannot be reused upon bringing it in a resident’s room

• wear gloves while changing, do not place on floor

• wipe down matress before placing new

body temperature

VS guidelines for ____ ____:

• occurs in mouth, rectum, armpit, ear, forehead,

• must shake down glass thermometer towards tip before use

97.6-99.6

normal temp (oral and axillary)

98.6 - 100.6

normal temp (rectal)

98.6

normal temp (tympanic)

99.5

normal temp (temporal)

pulse

VS guidelines for ____:

• count beats for a full minute

• immediately report beat inconsistencies, signs of weakness or fast/slow

• do not use your thumb

respirations

VS guidelines for ____:

• check speed

• check rythm

• chest rise —> chest fall = 1 ____

  • normal rate is 12-20

perineal care

cleaning dick/balls or vagina

bathing

guidelines for ____:

• know that it increases blood flow, prevent skin breakdown

• take into account resident preferences

• must still give a bed bath if refusal to shower

  • skipping bath/shower is a form of neglect

• Do not transport a resident from room to shower unless care plan says so

• notify: bruises, broken skin, new hair loss, skin bumps, pain, refusal, etc

• maintain privacy (close windows/curtains)

pressure ulcers

guidelines for preventing ____ ____:

• follow the care guide

• assist with mobility

• assist with repositioning every 2 hours

• encourage nutrition, provide wrinkle free linens

• notify: pale/red areas, hot red areas, excess wound drainage, changes to a wound

hand care

guidelines for ____ ____:

• care for nails (can lead to skin breakdown/infection)

• do after showering or washing hands

foot care

guidelines for ____ ____:

• check frequently, as people dont see their feet as often as hands

• check resident care guide

nutrients

the 6 main ____:

• carbohydrates (glucose)

• proteins

• fats (energy, body function)

• vitamins (regulate body processes)

• minerals (provide body structure)

• water (vital life)

liquids

guidelines for ____:

• offer every 2 hours

• thicker version if patient has dysphagia

  • do not use straws unless specified

  • do not place ice

  • do not leave at room temp for long time

before meals

guidelines for ____ ____:

• resident is toileted and ready to eat

• wash their hands

• ensure proper chair/wc positioning

• apply clothing protector if necessary

• ensure proper temperature

during meals

guidelines for ____ ____:

• ensure resident assistance needs through care guide

• double check tray to ensure proper diet given

• put gloves on

• alternate between food and drink

after meals

guidelines for ____ ____:

• clean face and hands

• pick up tray immediately

• leave resident sitting upright for 30 minutes

• measure intake and document immediately