Radiological Health Effects Cognitive Enabling Objectives

Cell damage from radiation ionizing the atoms making up the DNA is called a:

Direct effect

Cell damage from free radicals formed due to ionization of the water in a cell is called an:

Indirect effect

Check all the factors that make a cell more radiosensitive.

• Unspecialized or low degree of differentiation

• Rapid production rate

• Long dividing future

What is the term used for delayed biological effects from radiation where there is not a threshold for the magnitude of the dose.

Stochastic effect

What is the term used for immediate biological effects from radiation that only occur above a threshold magnitude of dose.

Non-stochastic effect

Somatic, genetic, teratogenic

• Somatic- occurs in the exposed individual

• Genetic- occurs in the offspring

• Teratogenic- occurs in the unborn fetus

Dose range for hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, central nervous system

• Hematopoietic:200-1,000 rad

• Gastrointestinal: 1,000-5,000 rad

• CNS: >5,000 rad

Place the cells in order from most to least radiosensitive.

1. blood forming cells

2. Gastrointestinal cells

3. Nerve and muscle cells

Check all statements that are true about LD 50/30.

• Occurs with an exposure of 400-450 rad.

• 50% of the population will die within 30 days without medical treatment.

Check the sources of natural background radiation.

• Radon

• Cosmic rays

• Terrestrial sources (radium, thorium, uranium)

The acute radiation syndrome which occurs with a dose greater than 5000 rads is called:

Central nervous system