salmonella

what is non-typhoidal salmonellosis?

gastroenteritis: from an invasive infection; inflammation of your gastroenteric system

what are the symptoms of non-typhoidal symptoms?

nausea, vomiting

fever

non-bloody stool, diarrhea (sometimes bloody)

runs course in 2-5 days, usually

what is the treatment of non-typhoidal salmonellosis?

usually not treated with antibiotics; just hydration

why do you get a fever from non-typhoidal salmonella?

invades the lining of your intestine

you have an immunologic response to the endotoxin (endotoxin is what causes the illness)

do non-typhoidal Salmonella normally penetrate into the blood stream?

no! rare invasion of the bloodstream

can develop into a full blown bacteremia → septic shock

is salmonellosis due to an infection or due to exotoxins?

infection

• cause a localized, controllable infection

• don’t have an endotoxin, just invade

• mostly cause inflammatory damage to the lining

where do non-typhoidal infections come from?

contracted from ingesting Salmonella bacteria

• contamination from livestock, pets

do typhoidal Salmonella penetrate into the blood stream?

yes!

escapes the lining of the intestines and digs deeper into surrounding tissues

gets picked up by macrophages and delivered to the liver and spleen

what happens when typhoidal Salmonella are in the liver?

typhoidal Salmonella like going from the liver to the gall bladder

bacteria growing in the gall bladder are going to be resecreted into the intestines

reinfect the intestines

• why it progressively gets worse → keep infecting yourself with fresh bacteria

what are the symptoms of typhoid fever?

slowly increasing fever

eventually, high fever develops (104℉)

dementia

diarrhea, inflamed liver and spleen

toxic shock perforation of the intestines

why does typhoid fever have such delayed onset compared to non-typhoidal?

penetrates into surrounding tissues

keep infecting yourself with fresh bacteria from bacterial growth in the gall bladder

how does treatment of typhoid differ from non-typhoid?

antibiotics (more important)

hydration

describe the location of the bacteria in someone who is a typhoid carrier

gall bladder

shed millions of Salmonella enterica Typhi in their feces

how is typhoid fever transmitted?

transmitted human to human

• no animal reservoir

• contaminated food, water with fecal material (fecal-oral spread)