International Organisation

What is the IMF?

Is an international organization that oversees financial institutions and regulations aat an international level.

190 members

Main purposes of UN

To maintain peace and security

How does the US have additional sources of influence?

UN is inside the US

How are non-permanent members choosen?

So that they represent all continents in the world

UN Secretaries?

Trygve Lie - Norway. Worked between Indian and Pakistan on Kashmir. Criticized for failure to end Korean War. Resigned from post and Soviet Union opposed second term

Dag Hammarskjold - Sweden, Economist and lawyer. Worked to resolve Suez Canal and decolonization of Africa. Awarded Nobel peace price in 1961. Efforts to resolve Congo

U Thant - Burma, worked in resolving the Cuban Missile crisis and ending Congo crisis. Established UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. Criticized the US during the Vietnam War

Kurt Waldheim - Made efforts to resolve problems in Namibia and Lebanon. Oversaw relief program in Bangladesh. China blocked his bid

Javier Perez de Cuellar - Peru, lawyer and diplomat. Worked for peace in Cyprus. Namibia, Argentina and Falklands

Boutros Boutros-Ghali - Egypt, An Agenda for Peace. Blamed for failure of UN in Bosnia. Us blocked second term

Kofi Annan - Ghana, Global Fund to fight AIDS. Declared Iraq invasion illegal. Established Peacebuilding Commission and Human Rights Council and awarded the Nobel Peace price

Ban-Ki-Moon- Korea, focused on Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. UN Women

Antonio Guterres - Former PM of Portugal and UN High Commissioner for Refuges. President of Socialist International

What in an International Org for?

Help produce information and ideas about how to cooperate

Mechanisms, rules and a bureaucracy to help members have more confidence that costs will be shared properly and fairly divided and that members will join an agreemnt

Vetoes by Countries

USSR, USA, UK, FRANCE, CHINA

Who is the most important figure in the UN?

9th Secretary-General Antionio Guterres

1 January 2017

Prime Minister of Portugal (1995-2002)

Un High Commissioner for Refugees (2005-2015)

Most important UN body

Security Council

How many members in the Economic and Social Council?

54 seats

Three year terms

International Court of Justice

15 judges elected for 9 years

By absolute majority in both the General Assembly and the Security Council

In the Hague, Netherlands

6 UN principal organs?

General Assembly (193 members))

Security Council (15 members)

Economic and Social Council (54 members on a 3 year period)

ICJ (15 judges 9 years)

Secretariat

Trusteeship Council (1 November 1994)

What symbolizes world peace in the UN logo?

Olive branches

How is the Secretary General elected?

By the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council

5 year renewable term

What is the Secretariat?

Staff servicing the other principal organs

Headed by Secretary-General

What is the secreatary supposed to do?

Chief administrative officer

Equal parts diplomat, civil servant and CEO according to UN website

What is an international organization?

Not a super state with authority over its member

What is the Trusteeship Council?

Suspended on 1 November 1994

Palau became independent the last UN trust territory

Percentage of vote that 10% of IMF have

55%

UN organizations in Geneva

WHO, UNHRC(Human Rights Commision), UNHCR (High Commission for Refugees)

UN orgs in New York

UNDP

Who is the current UN secretary-General?

Antonio Guiterez
Covid is worse thing since WW2

US voting rights percentage in the IMF

17.4%

India voting right in the IMF

2.64%

When was the Lebanon crisis?

June 2006

Passed resolution in August

Followed in October

What is the most important international organization?

UN

How many members does the IMF have?

190

“The United Nations was not created to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell.

Dag Hammarskjold, the UN’s second Secretary-General.

Isn’t it better to have one place where all… countries in the world can get together, bore each other sometimes with their words rather than bore holes into each other on the battlefield?”

Shashi Tharoor

UN Under-Secretary General for Communications and Public Information

Who are the top 10 members of the IMF?

G7 (US, Japan, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Canada)

Saudi Arabia, China

What are some problems that need international cooperation?

Disease and Global warming

What chemicals are polluting the earth?

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

What is an international organization for?

It provided mechanisms, rules, and a bureaucracy to share the costs equally and benefits divided evenly. Nobody breaks agreements.

What was the fear in the UN?

That the UN and the west would be too powerful

What was supposed to stop war before WW2?

League of nations

How many countries signed to UN charter?

51

What were the UN’s objective?

To prevent international conflict and to facilitate cooperation among states

Stop conflicts breaking out into war

Limit the hostilities in war

Improve the prospects of social and economic development

To maintain peace and security is the prime objective

How many members did UN have in 2006?

192

How many members did UN have in 2011?

193 (South Sudan)

How is the UN organized?

Countries all have one vote each in UN General Assembly, there are 5 permanent members of the security council

Social and economic issues are dealt with by many agencies

War and peace are discussed in General Assembly as well as the Security Council.

Security council deals with security and peace

UN orgs

World Health Organisation (WHO),

the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),

the United Nations Human Rights Commision (UNHRC),

the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR),

the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF),

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), among others.

Who are 5 permanent members of the security council?

United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France and China.

Who is the most visible public figure?

Secretary-General António Guterres from South Korea. 1 January 2017 and UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2005-2015).

What are the two kinds of reforms in the UN?

Reform of the organization’s structures and processes

and a review of the issues that fall within the jurisdiction of the organization

What is the biggest reform needed in the UN?

Increase in the UN security council’s permanent and non—permanent members. As to increase representation.

US and other countries want to improve budgetary procedures

Some countries want UN to play a greater role in War

Others want it to stay confined

What are the changes that occurred after cold war?

Soviet Union Collapse

US hegemony

Russia-US relationship

China and India are growing rapidly

Asia is growing rapidly

More countries have joined the UN

New sets of conflicts

What did the 1992 UN resolution entail?

The Security Council doesn’t reflect new realities

Its decisions reflect western values

It lacks equitable representation

What is the World Bank?

Gives loans to develop other nations and establishes regulations and governance. Works to develop, rural, agriculture, human development.

Huge influence over economic policies of poor countries for free market reform

Who started an Inquiry in 1 January 1997?

UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan

What qualification should a new security council members?

A major economic power

A major military power

A substantial contributor to the UN budget

A big nation in terms of its population

A nation that respects democracy and human rights

A country that would make the Council more representative of the world’s diversity in terms of geography, economic systems, and culture

Why did people want to abolish the Vito?

Conflict with concept of democracy

Non permanent members of the Security council

10 non-permanent members, serve for only 2 years. Country cannot be reelected after completing a term

What kind of voter is the Veto?

A negative vote

Why would happen without the veto?

Great powers would do as they pleased outside it. Without their power they wouldn’t be able to run the body

How did they plan to make the UN more relevant in 2005 60 Years?

Creation of a Peacebuilding Commission

Acceptance of the responsibility of the international community in case of failures of national governments to protect their own citizens from atrocities

Establishment of a Human Rights Council (operational since 19 June 2006)

Agreements to achieve the Millennium Development Goals

Condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations

Creation of a Democracy Fund

An agreement to wind up the Trusteeship Council

When was the Human Rights Council operational?

19 June 2006

What is the World Trade Organisation?

Sets to rules for global trade

Decisions taking unanimously

Major powers use it to advance their interests

Developing countries complain about it being non-transparent

What organization was the successor to General Agreement of Trade and Tariffs(GATT)?

WTO

sets the rules for global trade.

When was the World Trade Organization set ur?

1995

Members in the WTO

164

What is India’s quarrels with the UN?

Assembly has grown bigger but not security council since 1965. No more permanent members

Should have more developing countries

Wishes to be permanent member

Most populous state

1/5 population

Large democracy

Big economy

Secure payments to UN

Major economic power so deserves to be on council

What in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1957?

US President Dwight Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace”

Promote use of nuclear energy

Prevent military use

Teams inspect nuclear facilitates to ensure reactors are not used for military purposes

UN part

When was the International Atomic Energy Agency founded?

1957

Why can’t the US be checked?

Military and Economic power

Largest Donator.

UN located in US

Veto power for friends

US nationals in UN bureaucracy

Why is the UN still a good org?

UN provides an arena in which it is possible to modify US attitudes and policies.

Impossible to balance US power but provides a space

connections and links between societies and issues

What is Amnesty International?

NGO

campaigns for the protection of human rights all over the world.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

It prepares and publishes reports on human rights.

What is Human Rights watch?

NGO

involved in research and advocacy on human rights

largest international human rights organization in the US.

Global media attention to human rights abuses

ICC