Module 2.1 (Chapters 2.1-2.3) Two-Dimensional Art

Sketch

A rough preliminary version of a work or part of a work.

Pastel

A powdered pigment mixed with gum and used in stick form for drawing. Sometimes drawn on rough panel, occasionally referred to as painting.

Cartoon

A full-scale preparatory drawing for a painting or tapestry; from Italian word cartone, meaning “large sheet of paper”.

Hatching

The use of non-overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness.

Wet media

Paint, watercolor, pastel

Dry media

Pencils, charcoals, crayons

Gesture Drawing

Aims to identify and react to the main visual and expressive characteristics of a form. To capture the energy and dynamic of a moment.

Life Drawing

Drawing from a live model, could be a person, plant, animal, or architecture.

Contour Drawing

Aims to register the essential qualities of three-dimensional form by rendering an edge, or contour, of an object. Used to sharpen hand-eye coordination.

Pigment

The colored material used in paint. Often made from finely ground minerals.

Binder

A substance that makes pigment adhere to a surface.

Encaustic

A painting medium that primarily uses wax, usually beeswax, as a binding agent.

Tempera

Fat-drying paint medium made from pigment mixed with water-soluble binder, such as egg yolk.

Fresco

A technique in which the artist paints onto freshly applied plaster. From the Italian word that means fresh.

Oil Paint

Paint made of pigment suspended in oil.

Polymers

A chemical compound commonly referred to as plastic.

Acrylic

A liquid polymer, or plastic, which is used as a binder for pigment in _______ paint.

Impasto

Paint applied in thick layers.

Ink Painting

Used on paper because the fibers hold the pigment, uses gum arabic.

Literati

Chinese scholar-painters who created expressive paintings rather than formal academic works.

Watercolor

Suspends pigment in water with a sticky binder, portable, can be difficult to work with, “demands that the lightest areas of the work be left untouched to reveal the white of the paper”.

Gouache

A type of paint medium in which pigments are bound with gum and a white filler added (for example, clay) to produce a paint that is used for opaque watercolor.

Mixed

The use of variety of materials to make a work of art.

Graffiti

Markings that are scratched, scribbled, or sprayed on a wall without the consent of the owner.

Relief

A sculpture that reflects from a flat surface.

Intaglio

Any print process where the inked image is lower than the surface of the printing plate; from the Italian word for “cut into”.

Lithography

A print process executed on a flat, unmarred surface, like a stone, in which the image is created using oil-based ink with resistance to water.

Serigraphy

Printing that is achieved by created a solid stencil in a porous screen and forcing ink through the screen onto the printing surface.

Matrix

An origination point, such as a woodblock, from which a print is derived.

Etching

An intaglio printing process that uses acid to bite the engraved design into the printing surface.

Woodblock

A relief print process where the image is carved into a block of wood.

Woodcut

A relief print made from a design cut into a block of wood.

Linocut

Type of printmaking done by carving into the surface of a material, then printing the raised surface left behind.

Series

A group of related artworks that are created as a set.

Drypoint

An intaglio printmaking process where the artist raises a burr when gouging the printing plate.

Collagraph

A type of relief print that is created by building up or collaging material on or to a stiff surface, inking that surface, then printing.

Planograph

A print process—lithography and silkscreen printing—where the inked image area and non-inked areas are at the same height.

Monoprint

Print techniques that enable an artist to produce an image that is one of a kind.

3-D modeling

A computer-generated illusion that emulated an object in three dimensions; it can be modified to show visual movement.