AMSCO Period 2.1-2.8 Key Vocabulary (Contextualizing Period 2)

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from AMSCO 2.1–2.8, including colonies types, early settlements, political institutions, economic systems, and major events.

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30 Terms

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Corporate colonies

Colonies governed by joint-stock companies or proprietary owners under charters from the crown, often aiming at profit for investors.

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Royal colonies

Colonies governed directly by the crown, with governors appointed by the king and greater crown control.

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Proprietary Colonies

Colonies granted to individuals or groups (owners) who had authority to govern, by charter from the crown.

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Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America (1607) founded by the Virginia Company; developed a tobacco-based economy and early colonial governance.

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Plymouth

Settlement founded in 1620 by Separatists; known for the Mayflower Compact establishing self-government.

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Massachusetts Bay

Puritan colony founded in 1630; emphasized church-centered community and self-government through town meetings and the General Court.

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House of Burgesses

First representative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia in 1619.

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Mayflower Compact

A 1620 social contract creating a civil body politic for self-government among the Pilgrims.

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Roger Williams

Puritan minister who advocated religious liberty and fair treatment of Native Americans; founded Rhode Island as a place of religious toleration.

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Anne Hutchinson

Puritan dissenter who challenged church authority; banished from Massachusetts and helped establish Rhode Island.

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Pennsylvania: Quakers, William Penn

Pennsylvania founded by William Penn as a haven for Quakers; promoted religious tolerance, pacifism, and fair dealings with Native Americans.

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Salutary Neglect

British policy of loosely enforcing parliamentary laws in the colonies, allowing autonomy in colonial administration and growth.

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Mercantilism

Economic theory that a nation's wealth is measured by its stock of precious metals and that trade should maximize exports and minimize imports, often via regulation.

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Acts of Trade and Navigation (Navigation Acts)

British laws restricting colonial trade to English ships and enforcing commodities to flow through England to strengthen the mother country.

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Triangular Trade

Atlantic trade network linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas with goods, enslaved people, and raw materials.

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Middle Passage

Cruel sea voyage that transported enslaved Africans to the Americas as part of the Triangular Trade.

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Trans-Atlantic Trade System

Broad system of exchange between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving goods, enslaved labor, and commodities.

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Indentured Servant

A person who contracted to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the colonies and/or room and board.

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Headright System

Colonial land grant program offering 50 acres to settlers who paid for another person's passage to America.

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Slavery

System of forced, hereditary labor primarily of Africans in the Southern colonies, integral to the plantation economy.

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New England economy

Economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, timber, and trade, with strong communal and religious influence.

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Middle Colonies economy

Economy characterized by fertile farmland, diverse crops (especially grain), and a mix of urban and rural economies.

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Southern Colonies economy

Agrarian region centered on plantations growing tobacco, rice, and indigo, with reliance on enslaved labor.

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Bacon’s Rebellion

1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against colonial government; highlighted frontier tensions and class conflict.

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Great Awakening

Religious revival movement in the 1730s–1740s emphasizing personal faith and emotional experience; connected to Edwards and Whitefield.

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Jonathan Edwards

Key Great Awakening preacher known for fiery sermons like Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.

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George Whitefield

Prominent Great Awakening preacher whose itinerant revivals spread religious enthusiasm across colonies.

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King Philip’s War

1675–1676 conflict between New England colonists and Native American groups led by Metacom (King Philip); heavy casualties and territorial changes.

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The Zenger Case

1735 libel trial of John Peter Zenger that promoted the idea that truth in reporting is a defense against libel, an early step toward freedom of the press.

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The Enlightenment: Two Treatises of Government

John Locke’s 1689 work arguing for natural rights and government by consent; influenced American political thought.