Eshal Umar - Chapter 8: Endocrinology

Pituitary Gland

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Gland

Adrenal Gland

Pancreas

Testes

Ovaries

Thyroxin

hormone released by thyroid gland

increases metabolic (biochemical) reactions associated with energy production, growth and development

Calcitonin

hormone released by thyroid gland

lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels

Synthroid

Hypothyroidism

deficiency in thryoxin

Cretinism

deficiency in thyroxin

short in stature

developmental delay

Hyperthyroidism

excess in thyroxin

()

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

increases blood calcium levels and lowers blood phosphorus levels

Hypocalcemia

deficiency in PTH

Adrenal Medulla

releases epinephrine (adrenalin)

small triangle inside another bigger triangle (inside of smaller triangle is adrenal medulla)

Adrenal Cortex

releases aldosterone and cortisol

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

hormone released by Adrenal Medulla

increases metabolic rate, HR, breathing and blood flow to muscles during exercise

Aldosterone

hormone released by Adrenal Cortex

AKA mineralocorticoids

causes kidneys to retain salt and water (and excrete potassium) into the urine

Cortisol

hormone released by Adrenal Cortex

AKA glucocorticoids + STRESS HORMONE

raises blood sugar level

Addison’s Disease

low cortisol

Cushing’s Disease

too much cortisol

Insulin

hormone released by pancreas

Beta Cell

lowers blood sugar levels

Glucagon

hormone released by pancreas

fish looking letter cell

raises blood sugar levels

Diabetes Mellitus

deficiency in insulin

Glucogenesis

lowering blood sugar level

Glucogenolysis

raising blood sugar level

Testosterone

released by testes

masculinizing hormone

Estrogen

released by ovaries

feminizing hormone

Progesterone

released by ovaries

increases vascularization of uterus (womb) (grows blood vessels)

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

released by placenta

maintains vasculization of uterus (womb) during pregnancy ONLY

Placenta

releases human chorionic gonadotropin

Gestation

pregnancy