pharmacy school prep (cardiovascular)

PREP FOR PHARMACY SCHOOL!

Lisinopril

brand: Zestril, Prinivil

class: ACE inhibitor

use: high blood pressure, heart failure

Enalapril

brand: Vasotec

class: ACE inhibitor

use: high blood pressure, heart failure

Losartan

brand: Cozaar

class: ARB (Angiotensin Receptor Blocker)

use: high blood pressure

Valsartan

brand: Diovan

class: ARB

use: high blood pressure, heart failure

Amlodipine

brand: Norvasc

class: calcium channel blocker

use: high blood pressure, chest pain

Diltiazem

brand: Cardizem

class: calcium channel blocker

use: high blood pressure, heart rhythm problems

Verapamil

brand: Calan

class: calcium channel blocker

use: high blood pressure, heart rhythm problems

Metoprolol

brand: Lopressor, Toprol XL

class: beta blocker

use: high blood pressure, heart disease

Atenolol

brand: Tenormin

class: beta blocker

use: high blood pressure

Carvedilol

brand: Coreg

class: beta blocker

use: high blood pressure, heart failure

ACE inhibitors end in ?

-pril (lisinopril, enalapril)

ARBs end in ?

-sartan (losartan, valsartan)

beta blockers end in ?

-lol (metoprolol, atenolol)

1 kg = ?

2.2 lb

1 lb = ?

454 g

1000 mg = ?

1 g

1000 mcg = ?

1 mg

Convert 150 lb to kg.

150 lb / (1 kg/2.2 lb) = 68.2 kg

Convert 80 kg to lb.

80 kg x (2.2 lb/1 kg) = 176 lb

Convert 2500 mg to g.

2500 mg / (1 g/1000 mg) = 2.5 g

Convert 3.5 g to mg.

3.5 g x (1000 mg/1 g) = 3500 mg

Convert 5000 mcg to mg.

5000 mcg / (1 mg/1000 mcg) = 5 mg

Convert 7 mg to mcg.

7 mg x (1000 mcg/1 mg) = 7000 mcg

Convert 125 lb to kg.

125 lb / (1 kg/2.2 lb) = 58.6 kg

Convert 50 kg to lb.

50 kg x (2.2 lb/1 kg) = 110 lb

Convert 0.5 g to mg.

0.5 g x (1000 mg/1 g) = 500 mg

Convert 750 mg to g.

750 mg / (1 g/1000 mg) = 0.75 g

heart anatomy - the four chambers

upper chambers: ?

lower chambers: ?

upper chambers: right atrium, left atrium

lower chambers: right ventricle, left ventricle

blood flow through the heart ?

body → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body

valves - between chambers: ?

tricuspid valve

pulmonary valve

mitral (bicuspid) valve

aortic valve

cardio = ?

heart

tachy = ?

fast

brady = ?

slow

hyper = ?

high/excessive

hypo = ?

low/below normal

tachycardia = ?

fast heart rate

bradycardia = ?

slow heart rate

hypertension = ?

high blood pressure

hypoglycemia = ?

low blood sugar

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

brand: Microzide

class: thiazide diuretic

use: high blood pressure, fluid retention

Furosemide

brand: Lasix

class: loop diuretic

use: fluid overload, heart failure

Bumetanide

brand: Bumex

class: loop diuretic

use: fluid overload

Spironolactone

brand: Aldactone

class: potassium-sparing diuretic

use: heart failure, high blood pressure

Chlorthalidone

brand: Thalitone

class: thiazide-like diuretic

use: high blood pressure

Nitroglycerin

brand: Nitrostat

class: nitrate

use: chest pain (angina)

Isosorbide Mononitrate

brand: Imdur

class: nitrate

use: prevention of chest pain

Clopidogrel

brand: Plavix

class: antiplatelet

use: prevent blood clots

Warfarin

brand: Coumadin

class: anticoagulant

use: prevent blood clots

Apixaban

brand: Eliquis

class: anticoagulant

use: prevents blood clots

Diuretics (“Water Pills”) classes are?

Thiazides, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing

Blood thinner classes are?

antiplatelets, anticoagulants

1000 mL = ?

1 L

1 tsp = ?

5 mL

1 tbsp = ?

15 mL

1 oz = ?

30 mL

Convert 2 L to mL

2L x (1000 mL/1 L) = 2000 mL

Convert 500 mL to L

500 mL / (1 L/1000 mL) = 0.5 L

Convert 3 tsp to mL

3 tsp x (5 mL/1 tsp) = 15 mL

Convert 45 mL to tsp

45 mL / (1 tsp/5 mL) = 9 tsp

Convert 2 tbsp to mL

2 tbsp x (15 mL/1 tbsp) = 30 mL

Convert 60 mL to tbsp

60 mL / (1 tbsp/15 mL) = 4 tbsp

Convert 4 oz to mL

4 oz x (30 mL/1 oz) = 120 mL

Convert 240 mL to oz

240 mL / (1 oz/30 mL) = 8 oz

systole ?

heart contracts, blood is pushed out

diastole ?

heart relaxes, heart fills with blood

blood pressure → ex) 120/80

top number = ?

systolic pressure, pressure while the heart contracts

blood pressure → ex) 120/80

bottom number = ?

diastolic pressure, pressure when heart relaxes

nephro = ?

kidney

renal = ?

kideny

hemo = ?

blood

vaso = ?

vessel

arterio = ?

artery

nephrology = ?

study of kidneys

hemorrhage = ?

heavy bleeding

vasodilation = ?

blood vessels widen

arteriosclerosis = ?

hardening of arteries