Biology Cell Transport

cell membrane

Serves as the cell's boundary from its environment.

Proteins

The channels and pumps that help move materials from one side of the cell membrane or the other are made of _______.

cell membrane

regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell

active transport

requires the input of energy from the cell

diffusion

occurs because molecules constantly move and collide with each other

Stop moving

During diffusion and osmosis, when molecules are equal on both sides of a membrane, the molecules will..

hypotonic solution

Water will move into the cell

hypotonic

concentration of solute is less than the inside of the cell

into the cell

In fresh water the cell will burst because osmotic pressure causes water to go _______.

homeostasis

relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism

active transport

type of transport when a protein moves a substance from Low to High concentration

Concentration gradient

Difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another.

endocytosis

Active transport process where a cell engulfs materials with a portion of the cell's plasma membrane and releases the contents inside of the cell.

equilibrium

A given molecule is evenly distributed throughout a given space. There is no concentration graident, there is no net movement, there is no diffusion, but the molecules are still moving

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

active transport

Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient

active transport

movement of molecules from low to high concentrations

facilitated diffusion

passive transport mechanism whereby glucose is helped across the membrane by a helper molecule within the membrane?

osmosis

the movement of water across a concentration gradient

pinocytosis

Cell drinking

sodium potassium pump

Carrier protein in the plasma membrane that moves sodium ions out of and potassium ions into animal cells, important in nerve and muscle cells.

phagocytosis

process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris

mitochondria

Active transport requires this organelle to be near the cell membrane

exocytosis

-bulk movement of large molecules from inside to outside the cell; form of vesicular transport; example proteins

passive transport

Movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy; includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

Hypertonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution

Hypertonic

A solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis

isotonic solution

A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water.

carrier proteins

Transport proteins that bind to solute and physically move them across membranes. No energy is used (e.g. glucose transport).