U4: immigration and urbanization

Jane Addams

top social reformer of time period

Ellen Gates Starr

founded hull house in chicago 1889
helped women and poor in inner cities

locust street social settlement

founded by janie porter barret
first settlement house for colored

social gospel movement

preached salvation through service for the poor

settlement houses

community centers in slums that assist to people and immigrants.

settlement houses assistance

run by college educated women

classes on english, health, painting

supports abused women

nurses for poor

chinese immigrants

over 300,000, entered through west coast looking for work and wealth; 200,000 japanese

West indies/ mexico

260,000 entered from southeast

700,000 from mexico and settled in west as farmers

steerage

bottom of boat
cramped
lice infected sheets
sharing of toilets
hot conditions
few windows
disease

ellis island

european immigrants, asked questions, screened for health, pay $25 fee to enter US, 2% denied entry

Angel island

50,000 asian immigrants enter through San Francisco (1910-1940). Harsh questioned and detained for several days in awful conditions

Nativism

the favoritism of people born in US over immigrants for jobs, housing, and political positions

opposed melting pot idea

Anglo Saxons

people from england or germany

immigration restriction league

convinced Congress to approve literacy tests

American protective association

against different religions like catholicism or judaism

Chinese Exclusion Act

Banned entry of all chinese immigrants into the US except for students, merchants, tourists, or gov’t officials

Gentleman’s Agreement

Teddy roosevelt
Us would repeal the segregation order
Japan would limit number of unskilled workers coming to the us

Urbanization

growth and expansion of cities primarily in the Northeast and Midwest

cities

cheapest and most convenient places to live, many unskilled jobs were located in cities.

Americanization Movement

designed to assimilate people of all different cultures into the dominant American culture

Schools and voluntary programs

Citizenship, English literacy, American history, Cooking and social etiquette 

Mechanical inventions

forced southern farmers to give up their dreams of farming
200,000 moved north to cities like chicago and detroit to escape racial violence and get new jobs

Row homes

single family houses with similar dwellings on both sides. Each house shares walls with other houses

Tenements

multi-family urban dwellings that were old and unsanitary
2-3 families per 1 room apartment

Mass Transit

designed to move large amounts of people over distance

street cars

San Francisco 1873

subway

boston 1897

Filtration

1870

chlorination

1908

Sanitiation

horse carriage main mode of transportation.
Horse manure piled up on streets.
sewage gets into water systems