Kartlar: IB Biology - Water, Carbs., Lipids, Proteins | Quizlet

Polar

having an uneven distribution of charge

Nonpolar

having an even distribution of charge

Hydrogen bond

A weak bond that forms between water molecules.

Covalent bond

A bond that is found within water molecules.

Cohesion

An attraction between water molecules

Adhesion

An attraction between water molecules and other charged or polar substances

Surface tension

A force that acts on the surface of water

Capillary action

The tendency of water to rise through the veins of a plant

High specific heat

A property of water that allows it to absorb a lot of heat before increasing in temperature.

Solvent properties

A property of water that allows it to easily dissolve and transport many substances.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds that are energy sources and energy storage molecules

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

The elements that make up carbohydrates and lipids

Monosaccharide

The monomer for a carbohydrate

Glucose

A monosaccharide that provides a source of quick energy

Fructose

A monosaccharide that is found in fruits

Galactose

A monosaccharide that is found in dairy products

Sucrose

A disaccharide that is composed of glucose and fructose

Maltose

A disaccharide that is composed of two glucose molecules

Lactose

A disaccharide that is composed of glucose and galactose

Starch

A polysaccharide that stores energy in plants

Glycogen

A polysaccharide that stores energy in animals

Cellulose

A polysaccharide that forms the cell wall in plants

Disaccharide

A carbohydrate that is composed of two monosaccharides

Polysaccharide

A carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharides

Condensation reaction / Dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction in which water is used to break apart a molecule

Hydroxyl group

an -OH group

Fatty acid

The monomer of a lipid

Saturated

A term describing a fatty acid with all single bonds in its hydrocarbon chain

Unsaturated

A term describing a fatty acid with at least one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain

Glycerol

A molecule that combines with fatty acids to form triglycerides

Triglyceride

A polymer used to store fatty acids

Phospholipid

A lipid that makes up the cell membrane

Hydrophobic

Water fearing (non polar)

Hydrophilic

Water loving (polar)

Steroid

A lipid hormone with four fused carbon rings. It can diffuse through plasma membranes.

Amino acid

The monomer of a protein

Peptide bond

A bond that joins two amino acids

Polypeptide

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Primary structure

The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain.

Secondary structure

The second level of protein structure consisting of alpha helices or beta pleated sheets

Tertiary structure

The third level of protein structure that results in a three-dimensional shape due to interactions between R groups

Quaternary structure

The fourth level of protein structure that results from the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains

Denature

A change in the shape of a protein that can be caused by changes in temperature or pH

Dipeptide

Two amino acids bonded together