3.2.4 Properties of Period 3 elements and their oxides - Chemistry Alevel

Period 3 - Elements with water - Na & H₂O (l) - Description

Floats, melts, forms a ball, moves rapidly across the surface of the water, effervescence.

Period 3 - Elements with water - Na & H₂O (l) - Equation

2Na (s) + 2H₂O (l) → 2NaOH (aq) + H₂(g) (NaOH turns universal indicator blue/phenolphthalein pink)

Period 3 - Elements with water - Mg & H₂O (l) - Description

A few bubbles produced very slowly.

Period 3 - Elements with water - Mg & H₂O (l) - Equation

Mg (s) + 2H₂O (l) → Mg(OH)₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

Period 3 - Elements with water - Mg & H₂O (g) - Description

Mg burns with a bright white light, gas is produced that ignites with a squeaky pop.

Period 3 - Elements with water - Mg & H₂O (g) - Equation

Mg (s) + H₂O (g) → MgO (s) + H₂ (g)

Period 3 - Elements with water - trend

As you go across they get less reactive with water

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - Na - Description

Burns with a yellow/orange flame

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - Na - Equation

4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - Mg - Description

Burns with a bright white flame.

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - Mg - Equation

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - Al - Description

Burns with a white flame

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - Al - Equation

4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - Si - Description

Burns with a white flame

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - Si - Equation

Si + O₂ → SiO₂

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - P - Description

Burns with a bright white flame

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - P - Equation

P₄ + 5O₂ →P₄O₁₀

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - S - Description

Burns with a blue flame

Period 3 - Elements with oxygen - S - Equation

S + O → SO₂

OR

⅛S₈ + O₂ → SO₂

Period 3 - Bonding/structure of oxides - NaO₂

Ionic (giant ionic lattice)

Period 3 - Bonding/structure of oxides - MgO

Ionic (giant ionic lattice)

Period 3 - Bonding/structure of oxides - Al₂O₃

Ionic

Period 3 - Bonding/structure of oxides - SiO₂

Covalent

Period 3 - Bonding/structure of oxides - P₄O₁₀

Covalent

Period 3 - Bonding/structure of oxides - SO₂

Covalent

Period 3 - Bonding/structure of oxides - SO₃

Covalent

Period 3 - State at room temperature - Na₂O

White solid

Period 3 - State at room temperature - MgO

White solid

Period 3 - State at room temperature - Al₂O₃

White solid

Period 3 - State at room temperature - SiO₂

Yellow/brown solid

Period 3 - State at room temperature - P₄O₁₀

White solid

Period 3 - State at room temperature - SO₂

Colourless gas

Period 3 - State at room temperature - SO₃

White fuming sludge

Period 3 oxides - MP trend

Decreases as you go across.

Period 3 - reaction with water description - NaO₂

Dissolves & then O²⁻ ions react with water.

Period 3 - reaction with water description - MgO

Some dissolves & then the O²⁻ ions react with water.

Period 3 - reaction with water description - Al₂O₃

Insoluble therefore there is no reaction.

Period 3 - reaction with water description - SiO₂

Insoluble therefore no reaction.

Period 3 - reaction with water description - P₄O₁₀

The water is attracted to the P₄O₁₀ releasing H⁺ ions.

Period 3 - reaction with water description - SO₂

The water is attracted to the SO₂ releasing H⁺ ions.

Period 3 - reaction with water description - SO₃

The water is attracted to the SO₃ releasing H⁺ ions.

Period 3 - reaction with water equation - Na₂O

O⁻² (aq) + H₂O (l) → 2OH⁻(aq)

Period 3 - reaction with water equation - MgO

O⁻² (aq) + H₂o (l) → 2OH⁻(aq)

Period 3 - reaction with water equation - P₄O₁₀

P₄O₁₀(s) + 6H₂O(l) → 4H₃PO₄(aq)

Period 3 - reaction with water equation - SO₂

H₂O(l) + SO₂(g) → H₂SO₃(aq)

Period 3 - reaction with water equation -SO₃

H₂O(l) + SO₃(g) → H₂SO₄(aq)

Period 3 - reaction with water pH & nature of oxide - Na₂O

14, basic

Period 3 - reaction with water pH & nature of oxide - MgO

10, basic

Period 3 - reaction with water pH & nature of oxide - Al₂O₃

7 (pH of water), amphoteric

Period 3 - reaction with water pH & nature of oxide - SiO₂

7 (pH of water), acidic

Period 3 - reaction with water pH & nature of oxide - P₄O₁₀

0, acidic

Period 3 - reaction with water pH & nature of oxide - SO₂

3, acidic

Period 3 - reaction with water pH & nature of oxide - SO₃

0, acidic

Period 3 - reaction with acids and bases equation - Na₂O

A: Na₂O + 2H⁺ → 2Na⁺ + H₂O

B: No reaction

Period 3 - reaction with acids and bases equation - MgO

A: MgO + 2H⁺ → Mg²⁺ + H₂O

B: No reaction

Period 3 - reaction with acids and bases equation - Al₂O₃

A: Al₂O₃ + 6H⁺ → 2Al³⁺ + 3H₂O

B: Al₂O₃ + 2OH⁻ + 3H₂O → 2Al(OH)₄⁻

Period 3 - reaction with acids and bases equation - SiO₂

A: No reaction

B: SiO₂ + 2OH⁻ → SiO₃²⁻ + H₂O (Must be hot, conc. NaOH)

Period 3 - reaction with acids and bases equation - SO₂

A: No reaction

B: SO₂ + 2OH⁻ → SO₃²⁻ + H₂O

Period 3 - reaction with acids and bases equation - SO₃

A: No reaction

B: SO₃ + 2OH⁻ → SO₄²⁻ + H₂O

Period 3 - reaction with acids and bases equation - P₄O₁₀

A: No reaction

B: P₄O₁₀ + 12OH⁻ → 4PO₄³⁻ + 6H₂O

Period 3 - dissociation of organic acid equation

CH₃COOH → CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺

Period 3 - dissociation of base equation

Mg(OH)₂ → Mg²⁺ + 2OH⁻