Dr. Roentgen and the Discovery of X-Rays

Who discovered X-rays?

Dr. Roentgen

When was Dr. Roentgen born?

March 27, 1845

Where was Dr. Roentgen born?

Lennep, Germany

What degree did Dr. Roentgen obtain and from where?

PhD degree from the University of Zurich

What was Dr. Roentgen's role at the University of Wurzburg?

Director of the physics institute

What experiment did Dr. Roentgen conduct on November 8, 1895?

Prepared experiments involving a cathode ray tube

What caused the nearby barium platinocyanide to fluoresce in Dr. Roentgen's experiment?

The cathode ray tube being energized

How long did Dr. Roentgen spend investigating the phenomenon of fluorescence?

Seven weeks

What significant medical image did Dr. Roentgen produce on December 22, 1895?

The first radiograph of his wife's left hand

What did Dr. Roentgen publish regarding X-rays?

Three informal communications about his findings

What are some early dangers associated with X-ray use?

Radiation burns and operator electrocutions

What year did the scientific community realize X-rays were harmful?

1898

Who cautioned about the dangers of X-rays, leading him to discontinue his experiments?

Thomas Edison

What happened to Clarence Dally in relation to X-ray experiments?

He developed severe radiation burns and eventually died from his injuries in 1904

What was a common treatment for radiation burns in early X-ray history?

Amputation

What year did improvements in imaging plates and techniques begin to reduce Acute Radiodermatitis?

By 1900

What unusual application of X-rays captured public interest?

The Fluoroscope for fitting shoes

What is inertia?

The property of an object with mass that resists change in its state of motion

What are the two states of energy?

Potential and Kinetic energy

What is potential energy?

Energy in a stored state

What is kinetic energy?

Energy being expended

List some forms of energy.

Electromagnetic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal energy

What does coulomb/kilogram measure?

The number of electrons liberated by ionization per kilogram of air

What is the roentgen used for?

To quantify radiation intensity

What is the gray?

A unit for absorbed dose, expressing the quantity of radiation energy absorbed by tissues.

What does the rad measure?

Quantifies the biological effects of radiation on humans and animals.

What does the Sievert quantify?

Occupational exposure or dose equivalent, considering different biological effects of ionizing radiation.

What is the standard unit for occupational exposure dose equivalent?

The rem

What is the becquerel used to quantify?

Radioactivity, expressed as a quantity of radioactive material.

What types of radiographic equipment exist?

Mobile and permanently installed equipment.

What characterizes mobile radiographic equipment?

Units on wheels that can be taken to the patient's bedside.

What characterizes permanently installed radiographic equipment?

Units fixed in a particular room specifically designed for the purpose.

What components make up the tube head assembly?

The X-ray tube, collimator, and tube stand.

What does the control panel do?

Allows the radiographer to select kilovoltage and milliamperage for the X-ray tube.

What is the purpose of ALARA in radiation protection?

To minimize radiation dose to patients, oneself, and others.

List three tools used in radiation protection.

Shielding, time, distance.

What does the term acute radiodermatitis refer to?

Radiation burns.

What is a cathode ray tube?

A partial vacuum used to study cathode rays and led to the discovery of X-rays.

What is a fluoroscope?

A device that allows dynamic X-ray examination using X-rays and a fluorescent screen.

What is ionizing radiation?

Radiation with sufficient energy to ionize atoms.

What are fundamental quantities in physics?

Mass, length, and time.

What are derived quantities?

Velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, work, and power.

What radiologic quantities exist?

Dose, dose equivalent, exposure, radioactivity.

What is mobile equipment in radiology?

A unit on wheels that can be taken to various locations for patient care.

What defines permanently installed equipment in radiology?

Units fixed in place in a designated room for specific use.

What does SSD stand for in radiology?

Source to skin distance.

What does mass refer to?

The amount of matter in an object.

What is matter?

Anything that has shape/form, has mass, and occupies space.

What does 'Image wisely' refer to in radiology?

Guidance for adult imaging.

What does 'Image gently' refer to in radiology?

Guidance for pediatric imaging.