APUSH PERIOD 9

Energy Crisis

Caused by a decrease in oil supplies and embargos by OPEC

Stagflation

A stagnant (still, flat) economy with high inflation

-leads to high unemployment, which leads to more stagflation

Carter's "Malaise" speech, 1979

Jimmy Carter criticizes American materialism and urges a communal spirit to help the economy intended to improve public morale

-political disaster

Iranian hostage crisis, 1979

Iranian Militants overtake the U.S. Embassy in Iran, wanting justice for the Shah of Iran

-lead by Ayatollah Khomeini

-held hostages for 444 days

Moral Majority

Conservative Religious Organization lead by Televangelist Jerry Falwell

Focus on the Family

A religious organization promoting socially conservative views

Supply-Side Economics

Idea that reducing taxes to the wealthy and increasing investment money will stimulate the economy and create jobs

-Called Reaganomics and trickle-down economics

Economic Recovery Tax Act, 1981

Reagan cuts income taxes by 25% over 3 years and cuts the wealthy down from 78% to 28%

Sagebrush Rebellion

Western political movement to stop federal land and natural resource use

Contract with America, 1994

Pledge by Republican Congress candidates prising to reduce the size of government and balance the budget, and in 1994 win both houses of Congress (it was successful)

Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 1992

Upholds the right for an abortion

Increase in the Budget Deficit and National Debt

Tax cuts and defense spending leads to a large national debt in the 80's

Medicare Modernization Act, 2003

Bush adds benefits for prescription drugs to the medicare system

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

Reagan's program to create laser satellites against nuclear missles

-referred to as the Star Wars plan

Mikhail Gorbechev

Leader of the Soviet union beginning in 1985

-political and economic reform

-good relationship with U.S. (détente)

Iran-Contra Scandal, 1987

Contra forces (group of revolutionaries) are trying to overthrow Nicaragua's communist government

-U.S. sells weapons to Iran in exchange for American hostages

-Iran gives money to Contra for the overthrow

-Bites our government in the butt when it comes back around (Contra try to smuggle drugs into U.S.)

Strategic Arms Reduction Talks

Reagan and the Soviets reduce the number of Nuclear weapons

Intermediate Nuclear Force Treaty, 1987

Destruction of U.S. and Soviet missiles in Europe

Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989

Torn down in 1989, marking the end of the Cold War

Fall of the Soviet Union, 1991

Occurred due to the rise in nationalism and independence of the Soviet satellites and economic problems

-December 26, 1991 is the last day

Persian Gulf War, 1991

Under Bush, the U.S. defeats Iraq when Sadaam Husein of Iraq leads an invasion on Kuwait

Dayton Agreement, 1995

Signed by three Bosnian ethnic groups in Dayton, Ohio agreeing to end their civil war

Bombing of Yugoslavia, 1999

NATO bombs Yugoslavia in order to remove troops from Kosovo

Al Queda

Terrorist network started in 1989 by Osama Bin Laden

-Militant Islamic group (violent)

Taliban

Muslim fundamentalists gain control of Afghanistan in 1996 and uphold a very strict government

Attacks of September 11, 2001

The World Trade Center and the Pentagon are where the attacks occurned and over 3000 were killed

-starts the war on terrorism

Patriot Act, 2001

Allows the government to deal with suspected terrorists

-passed by Bush

Department of Homeland Security, 2001

Cabinet department (executive branch) to protect the U.S. from terrorist attacks, accidents, and natural disasters

War in Afghanistan, 2001

Starts after 9/11 when NATO forces lead by the U.S. dismantle Al Queda and attempt to remove the Taliban from power

Iraq War, 2003-2011

Operation Iraqi Freedom -we occupy Iraq and help to form a new government

Rust Belt

Northeastern states experience economic decline, population loss, and urban decay due to loss of industry

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 1993

Agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico to eliminate tariffs

The Third Way

Bill Clinton seeking to achieve liberal objectives (like equal opportunity) through conservative means (like supporting buisness)

The Affordable Care Act, 2010

Also known as ObamaCare

-reforming of the health care system for universal coverage

-rejected under Clinton and passes under Obama

Information technology

The economic boom of the mid 90's lead by computers and telecommunication

Kyoto Agreement, 1997

United Nations agreement to reduce emissions rates of carbon dioxide into the air

Global warming

Idea of the gradual warming of the earths surface

Immigration Reform and Control Act, 1986

A law that prohibits hiring illegals (undocumented foreigners)

-it grants legal residents if u enter the U.S. before 1982

Immigration Act of 1990

Increases the number of immigrants allowed into the U.S. per year

-preference for skilled workers

Cultural Pluralism

Coexistence of many cultures to reduce sexism, racism, and discrimination

Glass Ceiling

Term used to describe the barrier preventing women and sometimes minorities from rising higher within companies

Nancy Pelosi

First woman speaker of the House

Barack Obama

First African American President

United States v. Windsor, 2013

It is unconstitutional to deny the federal benefits of marriage to same-sex couples where marriage was preformed or recognized in states where same-sex marriage is legal

Weapons of mass destruction

Nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons that kill large numbeZrs

-one of the reasons for invading Iraq

Boomburbs

Rapidly growing suburb cities

Don't Ask, Don't Tell, 1994

Prohibits the military from discrimination against homosexuals, BUT bars any openly homosexual from serving

-Under President Clinton

Defense of Marriage Act, 1996

A federal law defining marriage as a legal contract between a man and a woman

-Under President Clinton