Cell processes

Describe what diffusion is (diffusion is…)

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Explain why diffusion is passive (diffusion is passive because…)

Diffusion is passive because it does not require energy and relies on random particle movement

Describe where diffusion happens in the body (diffusion occurs when…)

Diffusion occurs when oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves during gas exchange

Explain how diffusion is used in plants (plants use diffusion because…)

Plants use diffusion because carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves for photosynthesis

Describe how diffusion occurs in roots (in roots diffusion…)

In roots diffusion allows mineral ions to move through the soil water into the root hair cells

Explain what osmosis is (osmosis is…)

Osmosis is the movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

Describe why osmosis is passive (osmosis is passive because…)

Osmosis is passive because it does not require energy and relies on natural water movement

Explain how osmosis helps plant cells (osmosis helps plants because…)

Osmosis helps plants because water enters cells

Describe how osmosis occurs in the intestines (in the intestines osmosis…)

In the intestines osmosis allows water to move into the bloodstream to maintain hydration

Explain what a partially permeable membrane is (a partially permeable membrane is…)

A partially permeable membrane is a barrier that allows water molecules through but not larger solutes

Describe what active transport is (active transport is…)

Active transport is the movement of particles against their concentration gradient using energy

Explain why active transport requires energy (it requires energy because…)

It requires energy because particles are moved from low concentration to high concentration

Describe the role of carrier proteins in active transport (carrier proteins…)

Carrier proteins bind to particles and use energy to pump them across the membrane

Explain how active transport is used in the gut (in the gut active transport…)

In the gut active transport absorbs glucose into the blood even when its concentration is low

Describe how active transport is used in plant roots (in roots active transport…)

In roots active transport absorbs mineral ions from the soil against their concentration gradient

Explain why active transport is vital for survival (it is vital because…)

It is vital because cells can absorb essential nutrients even when they are scarce

Compare diffusion and active transport (diffusion…

whereas active transport…)

Compare osmosis and diffusion (osmosis…

whereas diffusion…)

Explain why root hair cells have many mitochondria (they have many mitochondria because…)

They have many mitochondria because active transport requires large amounts of energy

Describe how concentration gradients affect diffusion (a steep gradient…)

A steep gradient increases the rate of diffusion because particles move faster from high to low concentration

Explain how surface area affects diffusion (a larger surface area…)

A larger surface area increases diffusion because more particles can cross at once

Describe how membranes affect diffusion (thin membranes…)

Thin membranes speed up diffusion because particles travel a shorter distance