Responses of China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan to European Pressure

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the responses of China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan to European domination and pressures in the 19th century.

Opium Wars

Two wars fought between Western powers and China due to the British trade of opium.

Self-Strengthening Movement

China's program of internal reforms from the 1860s to 1870s aimed at modernization.

Boxer Movement

An anti-foreign movement in China that emerged around 1900.

Meiji Restoration

Political revolution in Japan (1868) that restored imperial rule and aimed to modernize the country.

Taping Rebellion

A massive civil war in China (1850-1864) against the Qing Dynasty, partly in response to Western intervention.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Unequal Treaties

Treaties imposed on China and other countries by Western powers, often after military defeat.

Young Ottomans

A group of reform-minded Ottoman individuals in the mid-19th century who sought to modernize the Empire.

Tanzimat

A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire aiming to modernize and secure the state against European encroachment.

Sino-Japanese War

A conflict between China and Japan (1894-1895) over influence in Korea, asserting Japan as a world power.