Blood and Endocrine System

Hematopoiesis

process of blood cell foration

erythrocytes

red blood cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

leukocytes

white blood cells involved in immune response

thrombocytes

platelets involved in blood clotting

hemoglobin

oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells

coagul/o

clotting

eosin/o, erythr/o

red

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

leuk/o

white

mon/o

one, single

myel/o

bone marrow

phleb/o, ven/o

vien

thromb/o

clot

-blast

immature, embryonic cell

-cytosis

abnormal condition of cells

-emia

blood condition

-lytic

pertaining to destruction

-pernia

deficiency

-phage

eat, swallow

-philia

attraction for

-poiesis

formation

-stasis

stop control.

anemia

reduction in red blood cell or hemoglobin

leukemia

cancer of white blood cells

increase in malignant WBC

Hemophilia

genetic disorder affecting blood clotting lack of clotting factors. Easy bruising and prolonged bleeding

acute myelocytic/myeloid leukemia

immature granulocytes predominate

platelet and RBCs are diminished

acute lymphoid/lymphocytic leukemia

rapid growth of immature lymphocytes

most often in children/adolescents

chronic myelogenous/myeloid leukemia

slow growing both mature and immature granulocytes (myeloid cells)

slowly progressive illness often adults older than 55 may live

chronic lymphocytic/lymphoid leukemia

abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in marrow, LNs, and spleen

most common form usually in elderly follows a slowly progressive course

ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone

ADH

antidiuretic hormone

FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone

GH

growth hormone

LH

luteinizing hormone

PTH

parathyroid hormone

PRL

prolactin

TSH

thyroid stimulating hormone

aden/o

gland

adrenal/o

adrenal gland

gonad/o

sex glands

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid glands

pituitar/o

pituitary gland; hypophysis

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland

andr/o

male

calc/o, calci/o

Calcium

cortic/o

cortex

crin/o

to secrete

dips/o

thirst

estr/o

female

gluc/o

sugar

glyc/o

sugar

home/o

sameness

hormon/o

hormone

kal/i

Potassium

lact/o

milk

myx/o

mucus

natr/o

Sodium

phys/o

growing

somat/o

body

ster/o

solid structure

toc/o

childbirth

toxic/o

poison

ur/o

urine

-agon

assemble, gather together

-in

-ine

substance

-tropin

stimulate the function of

-uria

urine condition

eu-

good, normal

oxy-

rapid, sharp, acid

pan-

all

poly-

many or increased

hormones

chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands

endocrine glands

glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

receptors

proteins on target cells that bind to hormones

-ectomy

excision, removal

-oma

tumor

-megaly

enlargement

auto-

self

hypothalamus

regulates pituitary gland controls body temperature, hunger, thirst

produces releasing hormone and inhibiting

pituitary gland

master gland secretes hormones that regulate other endocrine glands

thyroid gland

regulates metabolism growth and development

produces T3 T4

parathyroid gland

regulate calcium levels in the blood

gonads

ovaries and testes produce sex hormones regulate reproductive functions

Pancreas

regulate blood sugar through insulin and glucagon

adrenal glands

produce hormones involved in stress response metabolism and electrolyte balance