BMS 212 CH 1: History of Microbes

How do microbes recycle nutrients/energy?

Photosynthesis and decomposition

How do humans use microbes?

Industry, Biotechnology, Bioremediation

Microbiology groups

Microbes, bacteria, virus, protists, fungi, and algae

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Microscopes

Edward Jenner

First Vaccine (Cowpox), Father of Immunology

Joseph Lister

Aseptic Technique - sterilizing surgical instruments

Louis Pasteur

Swan-neck flask, fermentation of wine, hypothesizes germ theory

Robert Koch

First to link disease to microbes (anthrax and discovered TB was from bacteria)

Fanny Hesse

Agar

Florence Nightingale

Sanitation techniques, founder of modern nursing

Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin

Oliver Wedndell Holmes and Ignaz Semmelweis

Washing hands

Rosalind Franklin

Discovered the DNA Double Helix

What questions were answered during the Golden Age of mircobiology

Is spontaneous generation of microbial life possible?, What causes fermentation?, What causes disease?, How can we prevent infection and disease?

What is spontaneous generation?

Living things arise from non-living matter (maggots)

What are Koch’s postulates

1. The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease

2. The microorganism must be grown in pure culture from a diseased host

3. The same disease must be produced when a pure culture of the microorganism is introduced into susceptible hosts

4. The same microorganisms must be recovered from an experimentally infected host.

3 domains of life

Domain Bacteria, Domain Archaea, and Domain Eukarya

Naming/name format

Genus species, italicized or underlined

Phylogenetic tree

Based on evolutionary relationships

Information used to classify/name bacteria

rRNA genes, appearance, metabolism, immune response, genetic, and molecular analysis