4.2

Flashcards covering key terms and fundamental concepts from probability models, sample space, events, and probability rules.

Probability Model

A description of a random phenomenon in the language of mathematics, consisting of all possible outcomes and their associated probabilities.

Sample Space (S)

The set of all possible outcomes of a random phenomenon.

Disjoint Events

Two events are disjoint if they have no outcomes in common.

Null Event

An event with probability zero, denoted by the empty set symbol (∅), also referred to as the impossible event.

Complement of an Event

The event that represents all outcomes in the sample space S that are not in event A, denoted by Ac.

Independent Events

Two events A and B are independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the other occurring.

Venn Diagram

A visual tool used to represent events and their relationships, often used to visualize probabilities.

Event A = {2 or fewer heads}

An event represented in the context of tossing coins, needing calculation based on the sample space.

Event B = {exactly 3 heads}

An event regarding the outcomes of tossing coins that can be calculated using the sample space.

Probability Rule

The probability P(A) of an event A must satisfy 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1, and if S is the sample space, then P(S) = 1.