art history honors test 3 words

What were the most popular genres in early American art?

portraits

What profession did Copley’s stepfather practice?

Artist

What type of paintings did Copley yearn to create?

Big historical, mythological scenes

What are the two dominant artistic movements happening in Europe at Copleys time? 

Rococo and Neo-Classical

What is different about what Revere is wearing compared to other portraits?

He is shown as a artist, a plain man, not a rich man

What is Samuel Adams pointing to in his portrait?

A document that gives Massachusetts its independence

What is unique about Adam’s coat?

The top 2 buttons are unbuttoned

What does Copley’s Portrait of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Mifflin seem to be saying about imported goods?

The viewer should buy American goods

Where does Copley move in 1774 for the rest of his life?

Europe

In Watson and the Shark, the black man’s presence alludes to what debate in the Americas?

Slavery

What is the name of Thomas Cole’s 1836 essay?

Essay on American Scenery

With what does Cole compare the American landscape?

Garden of Eden 

In the conclusion of his 1836 essay what is worrisome to Thomas Cole?

he is worried about the "the ravages of the axe"

Where was Thomas Cole born?

UK

Which French landscape artist was incredible influential in the work of Cole?

Claude

Which British landscape artist was incredible influential in the work of Cole?

Turner

What time of the day is it in Cole’s “The Savage State”

very early in the morning

What prehistoric monument is seen in Cole’s “the Pastoral State”?

Stonehenge

In “the Pastoral State”, how is the concept of art inserted into the painting?

The boy drawing on the rocks

What name in Hebrew is sometimes said to be written in the distant hills in Cole’s The Oxbow?

Noah

In his 1843 River in the Catskills, what is seen in the foreground? What sign of a quickly changing American landscape is also seen?

The tree is in the foreground. The train is sign of American industrialization

What architectural style is prominent in Washington DC

Neo-Classical

What is the relationship between Thomas Cole and Frederick Edwin Church?

Teacher and Student

What did Niagara Falls symbolize in regards to the new nation?

The power and potential of a new nation

How much would visitors pay to see Church’s painting Niagara when it was first completed? How much is that in today’s dollars?

25 cents; 9 dollars

In Cole’s essay on American Scenery, he states that Niagara is where the ___ and ___ are bound together

sublime and beautiful

Unlike Cole & Bierstadt, Church was born in the

United States

What symbol/reference is always included in Church’s scenes of Ecuadorian towns/landscapes?

Religion - God and an overpowering scene of beauty in landscapes

What region provided an even greater source of natural world scenery for the Hudson River School artists?

EcuadorI

In what year did Darwin publish on the origins of species?

1859

What mountain is seen in Church’s heart of the Andes? What is the significance of said mountain?

Mt. Chimborazo, the tallest in the country; closest point to God

What popular mid 19th-century ideology pervades many of Hudson River School paintings?

Manifest Destiny

What does Bierstadt have named after him?

A mountain Ain Colorado

Although read completely differently today, the presence of Native Americans in works of the art would establish the pieces s quintessentially __ works of art, as opposed to ___

American ; European

What is happening in the American West at the exact time that Bierstadt is painting his canvas of Native Americans?

Genocide of Native Americans

Are Bierstadts paintings 100% topographically accurate?

No

What is one factor in the decline of the Hudson River School’s dominance in the American art market?

The rise of impressionism

What major 1913 exhibit introduces the American Public to European modern art?

Armory Show

What is Winslow Homer’s first paid artistic assignment?

Harper’s Weekly

How did Homer describe looking through a sharpshooters rifle?

being as near murder as anything I ever think of

What item does Homer place in the hands of an emancipated slave in Army teamsters? Why is this important?

a whip — shift in expectation

What French artistic movement is clearly influencing Homer?

Realism

How does Homer mirror the confederate and union soldier in Prisoners from the front?

They are standing the same way

What is one symbol found in homer’s the Veteran in a New Field?

The old field has been a battlefield. Death vs Life

What is one of the dark ironies of the year The Cotton Pickers was created?

1876- 100 year anniversary of the Declaration of Independence

In what year do federal troops withdraw from the South, effectively ending the Reconstruction period?

1877

What are the women in Dressing for The Carnival doing?

They’re fitting and sewing the clothes onto the man

What is the hopeful idea expressed in Homer’s school themed works?

Young boys will shape the future

What event is alluded to in Dad’s Coming!?

A storm that killed people at sea

What French painter had done a series of wavescapers in 1869/1870?

Courbet

What is the ‘Gulf Stream’?

ocean current fro the Caribbean to the Eastern seaboard

. What product is in the boat with the man in The Gulf Stream?

Sugar cane

What has happened to the mast in The Gulf Stream? 

its broken

Name one other artist who either influenced or was influenced by Homer’s The Gulf Stream?

Copley

In Fox Hunt, what is being hunted?  

Fox

What is the term used to describe a sculpture that is in a natural and relaxed position?

contrapposto

In what style are Edmonia Lewis' sculptures?

neo-classical

At what college in Ohio did Edmonia Lewis study? What is its claim to fame?

Oberlin

In 'Forever Free', the male's raised arm is reminiscent of what art historical tradition?

Christ’s victory over death

What has been a major criticism of the gender roles in Forever Free?

reinforces Victorian ideals of submissive women

From where does the title 'Forever Free' come?

Emancipation Proclamation

What is a recurring theme in many of Lewis’ subjects?

women have struggled and suffered

Off of what sculpture did Lewis base her Hagar?

penitent magdalene

Why did Cleopatra kill herself?

To make sure she is not captured by the romans

What fate befalls Hiawatha? And Minnehaha?

Hiawatha accepts Christanity while Minnehaha dies

 What is so exceptional about the pottery of David Drake (Dave the Potter)?

He is a literate slave

What artistic attribute of the Gee’s Bend Quilters do we generally not associate with artists until the 20th Century? 

Geometric Abstract Art

Where did many African American artists have to go to achieve fame?

Europe

Even though Henry Ossawa Tanner is best known for his genre scenes of black subjects, what are his primary artistic themes?

Religion

What are widely considered the dates of the Harlem Renaissance?

1918-1930

Who wrote Criteria of Negro Art in 1926, and what did he say all art must be?

WEB DuBois - must be be propaganda

Aaron Douglas lived at almost the exact same time as this Spanish artist, who was a major influence on him:

Picasso

What profession did Aaron Douglas practice before moving to NYC & becoming a full-time artist in Harlem?

high school art teacher

What was the name of the journal where Aaron Douglas got his start as an artist in Harlem? 

the crisis

What ancient civilization’s art had a major impact on Aaron Douglas’s aesthetic?

egyptian

Who financed Douglas’s 1934 Aspects of Negro Life?

Public works administration

 As opposed to a genesis in the American setting, where does Douglas’ mural cycle begin?

Africa

In the second panel, From Slavery to Reconstruction, what does the central figure hold?

A voting ballot

 In the same panel, what is widely believed that the men to the right of the central figure are doing?

Leaving the south

What can be seen hanging in the leaves in the third panel?

A foot

What historical period is referenced in the fourth panel?

The great migration

 In the final panel of Aspects of Negro Life, what NYC monument is depicted? How does this monument relate to the subject matter?

Statute of Liberty, symbol of hope and freedom

 In the last two panels of Aspects of Negro Life, the concentric circles seem to emanate from what?

musical instruments

What has been suggested as the source of the concentric circles in Douglas’ Into Bondage?

music`

What has often been the interpretation of the star in Into Bondage?

North star towards north

Of the four works Douglas created for the Hall of Negro Life, how many remain?

2

What famous abolitionist is often referred to as “The Moses of Her People”?

Harriet Tubman

Who was James Van Der Zee?

Harlem renaissance photographer, he depicted African Americans as positive

Name two of the three historical series that Jacob Lawrence completed before beginning his Migration Series:

Tubman, Douglass

Where did Lawrence spend a tremendous amount of time researching? What would he have seen there?

135th branch of NYPL; African American art

What three colors frequently dominate in Lawrence’s Migration Series? Why?

Red, Green, Black

When had references to ‘trains’, ‘conductors’, and ‘stations’ been used before in African American history?

Underground railroad

In what way does Lawrence echo Courbet’s belief on the role of the history painter in his Migration Series? 

He paints what he says during his time

How many paintings did Lawrence create for The Migration Series?

60

 How is the series divided today and between what two museums?

Even to MoMA; odd at Met

What day did the exhibit that featured The Migration Series open?

dec 8th

What was the name of the insect that had decimated cotton crops in the south?

boll weevil