World history 10(Abeka) chap 4-5ish

Tigris-Euphrates River Valley

One of Asia's three great fertile river valleys.

Indus River Valley

One of Asia's three great fertile river valleys; birthplace of early Indian civilization.

Huang He River Valley

One of Asia's three great fertile river valleys; also called China's Sorrow.

Asia

Largest of the seven continents.

Himalayan Mountain System

One of Asia's three major land regions.

Northern Plains

One of Asia's three major land regions.

Deccan Plateau

One of Asia's three major land regions.

Asian Civilization

First arose around 2000 B.C.

Aryans

Conquered the Dravidians; described as barbarians.

Hinduism

One of India's most distinctive cultural features; teaches that many gods are manifestations of Brahma.

Caste System

Strict division of social classes in India.

Brahma

The absolute, impersonal, universal spirit in Hinduism.

Reincarnation

Belief that the soul evolves toward spiritual perfection through rebirth.

Karma

Law determining one's fate based on actions.

Maurya Empire

Indian empire (321-184 B.C.) that drove out the Greeks and conquered the Northern Plain.

Asoka

Greatest ruler of the Maurya Empire.

Buddhism

Religion that arose in India around 500 B.C.; similar to Hinduism with cycles of reincarnation.

Siddhartha Gautama

Founder of Buddhism; later known as Buddha.

Gupta Empire

Inaugurated India's Golden Age.

Islam in India

Arrived during the Gupta period.

Babur

Invaded India from Afghanistan and founded the Mogul Empire.

Mogul Empire

Ruled India until the 1700s; built the Taj Mahal.

Taj Mahal

Tomb built by a Mogul ruler for his favorite wife.

Pakistan

West and East Pakistan became a state in 1947; East Pakistan later became Bangladesh.

Hindustani/Urdu

Language mixing Hindi and Arabic.

Zero (Cipher)

Symbol meaning 'not any'; invented by Indian mathematicians.

Place Value System

Numerical system developed in India.

Decimal Numeral System

Indian contribution to mathematics.

Arabic Numerals

Numerals developed in India and later adopted by Arabs.

Algebra

Indian mathematical system meaning 'reunion of broken parts.'

China

World's oldest living civilization.

Huang He

Important Chinese river; called 'China's Sorrow.'

Yangtze

Another major river of China.

Chung-Kuo

Name ancient Chinese used for their land; means 'Middle Country.'

Shang Dynasty

Early Chinese dynasty (1525-1028 B.C.); developed a system of writing.

Chou Dynasty

China's longest ruling dynasty (1122-256 B.C.).

Lao-tse

Chinese philosopher who emphasized harmony with nature; founded Taoism.

Taoism

Philosophy teaching harmony with nature.

Confucius

Chinese philosopher who taught virtue and ancestor worship; founded Confucianism.

Confucianism

System of ethics and ancestor worship.

Ch'in Dynasty

Dynasty founded by Shih Huang Ti; first emperor of a united China.

Shih Huang Ti

Founder of the Ch'in dynasty; first emperor of united China.

China (Name Origin)

Comes from the name 'Ch'in.'

Great Wall of China

Built under the Ch'in dynasty; world's largest wall.

Dynasties

Ruling families in Chinese history.

Han Dynasty

Marked the height of ancient China's power and glory.

Great Silk Road

Trade route linking China with the Roman world.

Chinese Contributions

Calendar, silk cloth, glazed pottery, paper.

Mongols

Led by Genghis Khan; created the largest continental empire in history.

Genghis Khan

Leader of the Mongols; built the largest continental empire.

Yuan Dynasty

Successors of Genghis Khan.

Marco Polo

European traveler who met Kublai Khan.

Kublai Khan

Grandson of Genghis Khan; Mongol ruler.

Ming Dynasty

Succeeded the Mongols.

Ching (Qing) Dynasty

Succeeded the Ming dynasty.

Africa

Second largest continent; once connected to Asia by the Isthmus of Suez.

Sahara

World's largest desert.

Nile River

World's longest river.

Egypt

Once the most magnificent empire of the ancient world.

Land of Ham

Biblical name for Egypt; descendants of Ham lived there.

Mizraim

Most ancient name of Egypt; name of Ham's son.

Copts

Ancient Egyptians; called their land Kemet ('black').

Aigyptus

Greek name for Egypt; Romans spelled it Aegyptus.

Nomes

Small states of ancient Egypt.

Pharaohs

Strong rulers of Egypt.

Lower Egypt

Region of the Nile Delta.

Upper Egypt

Region south of the Delta near Memphis.

Menes

United Upper and Lower Egypt; first pharaoh of all Egypt.

Herodotus

Greek 'Father of History.'

Nile Delta

Rich alluvial plain of fertile soil.

Hieroglyphics

Egyptian writing system.

Book of the Dead

Most important Egyptian work.

Memphis

Capital city of Egypt; called Noph in the Bible.

Thebes

Capital city of Egypt; called No in the Bible.

Necropolis

'City of the dead.'