Computer Basics

What is the main difference between ROM and RAM?

ROM is nonvolatile and stores firmware, while RAM is volatile and temporarily stores data for running programs.

Impact of RAM on performance

More RAM allows a computer to run multiple applications smoothly and improves speed.

How many bytes are in a gigabyte and a kilobyte?

1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes; 1 KB = 1,024 bytes.

Bit, Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte

Order the following from smallest to largest: Bit, Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte.

Yes, 600MB + 2000MB = 2600MB (or 2.6GB), which is less than 4GB.

Can Alice’s 4 GB drive fit the data of 600MB + 2000MB?

How much space is needed for 200 images each 600KB?

200 × 600 KB = 120,000 KB = 120 MB.

How is data represented in computers?

In binary (0s and 1s).

What is the job of an Operating System (OS)? Give three examples.

Manages hardware, software, and resources; examples include Windows, macOS, Linux.

Is the OS hardware or software?

Software.

Byte → Secondary Storage → USB flash drive.

Abstract to specific: USB, Byte, Secondary Storage.

Software → Microsoft Office → Excel.

Abstract to specific: Microsoft Office, Software, Excel.

What are the specifications of the MacBook Pro's CPU?

12-core CPU with 8 performance and 4 efficiency cores improving speed and power management.

What does the 19-core GPU in the MacBook Pro handle?

Handles graphics processing for visuals and gaming.

What is the function of a 16-core Neural Engine?

Used for machine learning tasks.

What is the memory bandwidth of the MacBook Pro?

200GB/s memory bandwidth is the speed at which data moves between memory and processor.

What is the significance of the MacBook Pro's 16GB unified memory?

Combines RAM and VRAM for efficient performance.

What is a 32MB L3 cache?

Fast-access memory that speeds up processing.

What is the storage capacity and type of the MacBook Pro?

1TB SSD storage; faster, and more durable compared to HDDs.

What is a Retina display?

A high-resolution screen for sharp visuals.

What do 3 Thunderbolt 4 ports provide?

High-speed data transfer and external device connections.

What is the purpose of an HDMI port?

Allows connection to external displays.

What is Touch ID?

Biometric authentication for security.

What are the advantages of multi-core processors?

Improved multitasking, faster performance, energy efficiency.

How do a modem and a router differ?

A modem connects to an ISP; a router distributes the internet to multiple devices.

What is the device connection order to the internet?

ISP → Modem → Router → Laptop → Internet.

What is the measurement unit for RAM?

GB; 16GB or more is reasonable for most users.

What measurement units are used for Hard Drives?

GB/TB; 512GB SSD or higher is a good choice.

What measurement unit is used for Processor Speed?

GHz; 3.0 GHz+ is considered good.

Differentiate between HDD and SSD.

HDDs use spinning disks and are slower; SSDs use flash memory and are faster and more durable.

How can files be deleted securely?

Use permanent deletion tools or encryption to prevent recovery.

What is the privacy trade-off mentioned in 'Blown to Bits'?

Convenience and personalized services.

What did the Snowden files expose?

Mass surveillance by governments.

What is the purpose of the USA Patriot Act?

Expanded government surveillance capabilities.

What is the function of the GPS?

Uses satellites to determine location.

What does an EDR (Event Data Recorder) do?

Collects vehicle data, useful in accidents.

What are RFID-enabled devices?

Devices that allow quick toll payments but raise privacy concerns as they allow tracking.

What is deidentified data?

Data stripped of personal identifiers but still potentially traceable.

What is IoT (Internet of Things)?

A network of connected devices; examples include smart thermostats, fitness trackers, smart speakers.